1. Drones By …... Class 04/20/2015

2. An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), commonly known as a drone is an aircraft without a human pilot on board. Its flight is either controlled autonomously by computers in the vehicle, or under the remote control of navigator, or pilot on the ground or in another vehicle. What is a drone?

3. Brief History of Drones In 1916, A. M. Low’s “Aerial Target” was one of the first unmanned aerial vehicle * The birth of U.S. UAVs began in 1959 when United States Air Force officers were concerned about losing pilots over hostile territory and they thought of unmanned flights. * In the year 1964, U.S Navy initiated America’s highly classified ‘Red Wagon’ UAVs into their first combat missions of the Vietnam war.

4. Types of Drones There are three types of drones- * Military Drones * Commercial Drones * Agriculture Drones

5. IAI RQ-5 Hunter: United States Army's Short Range UAV system for division and corps commanders. Lockheed Martin Polecat : Used for research. MQ-1 Predator drone : Used for airstrikes. Military drones

6. Real estate agents are using remote-controlled aircraft to film bird's-eye-view video tours of homes, land and commercial properties. Drones could allow businesses to deliver products to customers without having to send a driver. Commercial photography has a lot to gain from legal UAVs. Drone-aided search and rescue missions have been adopted by law enforcement across the country. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-eYIZDLXqOo http://money.cnn.com/video/technology/2014/02/11/t-north-dakota-drones- aerospace.cnnmoney/index.html http://money.cnn.com/video/technology/2013/12/02/t-amazon-drone- delivery.cnnmoney/index.html Commercial Drones

8. Relatively cheap drones with advanced sensors and imaging capabilities. Equipped with autopilot using GPS and a standard point- and-shoot camera. Collects data such as patterns in irrigation, soil variation, and pest infestations. Agricultural Drones

9. Manufacturing of Drone More advanced drone are made from large, old – anti – ship missiles which had their war heads removed. Obsolete jet & propeller powered aircraft have also been modified into remote controlled drones, but such modifications are costly.

10. Uses of Drone They are predominantly deployed for military applications, but also used in a small but growing number of civil applications, such as policing, firefighting, and nonmilitary security work, such as surveillance of pipelines. UAVs are often preferred for missions that are too "dull, dirty, or dangerous" for manned aircraft.

11. Drone Operating System The launching of a target drone, used as a weapon carrier to attack on a required target is controlled of in commanding center. It is monitored by commanding officers called Combat System Officers in the operating room. These pilot sensor operators in the operating room send commands to satellite (to fly the drone via satellite link). Satellite will receive command and then it further sends to aircraft. The heat detectors present in the aircraft detects warm & heat of living bodies. After finding and identifying, it automatically fixes & tracks the ground targets.

12. The use of drones for information collection in the journalism industry is still new. Kanye West has a fear that a drones could accidentally electrocute his daughter. PSJD is the first international organization dedicated to the emerging field of drone journalism. http://time.com/2967209/best-drone-videos/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PiSEIUnPlEE Drone Journalism

13. Applications of UAV There are many different applications of drones. Some of the applications of drones are listed below, while some are explained further i.Search and rescue ii.Disaster relief iii.Sports iv.Commercial aerial surveillance v.Commercial and motion picture filmmaking vi.Armed attacks

14. Disaster relief Drones transport medicines and vaccines, and retrieve medical samples, into and out of remote or otherwise inaccessible regions Drones can help in disaster relief by gathering information from across an affected area

15. Search and rescue During the 2008 hurricanes that struck Louisiana and Texas, Micro UAVs, such as the ‘Aeryon Scout’, have been used to perform search for missing persons. ‘Predators’, operating between 18,000–29,000 feet above sea level, performed search and rescue and damage assessment.

16. Sports Drones were used in the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi for filming skiing and snowboarding events Some advantages of using unmanned aerial vehicles in sports are that they allow video to get closer to the athletes, they are more flexible than cable-suspended camera systems.

17. Armed Attacks Armed ‘Predators’ were first used in late 2001 from bases in Pakistan and Uzbekistan, mostly aimed at assassinating high profile individuals (terrorist leaders, etc.) inside Afghanistan A Predator based in a neighboring Arab country was used to kill suspected al- Qaeda terrorists in Yemen on November 3, 2002. This marked the first use of an armed Predator as an attack aircraft outside of a theater of war such as Afghanistan.

18. Drone strikes make the United States safer by decimating terrorist networks across the world. Drone strikes are cheaper than engaging in ground or manned aerial combat. Drones make US military personnel safer. The majority of Americans support drone strikes. Pros About Drones

19. Drone strikes kill large numbers of civilians and traumatize local populations. Drone strikes violate international law. Drone strikes violate the sovereignty of other countries. Drone strikes are extremely unpopular in the affected countries. Many drone operators have emotional and psychological stress. Cons About Drones

20. The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration currently prohibits the commercial use of UAVs. In Canada, operators can apply for special licenses. Drone strikes are legal under international law. Drone strikes are legal under US law. Laws About Drones

21. Statistics About Drone Strikes Year Number of Attacks MilitantsCiviliansUnknownTotal 2008362232847334 2009543877092603 20101227881645971 2011734206235590 201248268533354 20132614544179 Total3692,2912862743220

22. Now Consider.........

24. What do you think about drones? Do you think we should use drones? If so, where should we use them? Who should regulate the usage of drones? Conclusion

25. BOYLE, M. J. (2013). The costs and consequences of drone warfare. International Affairs, 89(1), 1-29. doi:10.1111/1468-2346.12002 Bachman, J. (2013). Waiting for That Delivery Drone? Regulators Are in No Rush. Businessweek.Com, 3. Anderson, C. (2014). Agricultural Drones. (cover story). Technology Review, 117(3), 58-60. (2003). The Case of the 'Deadly' Drone; An unmanned aircraft with a 25- foot wingspan is at the center of a US/UN weapons controversy. The Christian Science Monitor. Benjamin, M. (2014). Good Drone, Bad Drone: How to Fix the Drone PR Problem. Time.Com, 1. References