1. Thinking about academic writing Ann Winter

2. Writing reflects our thinking Taking chances Playing around with ideas until a solution is found Careful examination of what turns up until a solution is found – generate many possible solutions Assessment of results – careful May impose limits upon chance i.e. matchboxes could be dropped out of the window (if it opened) to see if they fell into a correct pattern Rational/logical Identify a rule/general principle that can be applied Using experience Drawing upon past/previous solutions and modifying them to the new current problem The same solution can be reached in different ways

3. Matchboxes Arrange the 6 boxes so that each touches 2 and only 2!

4. Matchboxes 2 Arrange the 6 boxes so that each touches 3 and only 3!

5. Critical thinking (CT) As Indiana Jones bridge http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=C-c8_OFwZoY Think of CT as that invisible bridge as it is intangible PLUS CT is individual and requires effort

6. CT – Pebbles 1 Definition – Analysing – separating/breaking whole into parts Discriminating – recognising differences and similarities Information seeking – searching for evidence, facts or knowledge Logical reasoning – drawing inferences and conclusions that are supported/justified by evidence – evaluating Predicting – envisioning a plan Transforming knowledge – changing as a function of concepts

7. Pebble 2 Analysis – Dissecting Breaking things down so that you can understand them Reduce into manageable units Schema/drawing Looking for parts Setting it out 1, 2 3….. Looking at each piece individually Studying bit by bit Seeing the trees not just the forest

9. Pebble 3

10. STIR FRY Start with the ? Time management Information gathering References First plan Re-write first draft Your response to feedback

11. Essay checklist

12. One paragraph = 1 topic Arrange ideas and topics into boxes eg 8 boxes for a 2,000 word essay Main topic- Definition/s Supporting views Contrasting evidence

13. Critique literature Name+date+verb Dawn(1999) argues for Reporting verbs: suggest, argue, claim, propose, think, describe, note, analyse, discuss, show, explain, point out, demonstrate, report, develop Similarity in evidence: equally, likewise, in the same way, indeed, correspondingly, in the same line Stronger reinforcing similarity: furthermore, moreover, indeed, what is more Alternative evidence: alternatively, a different perspective on this.., others argue that.., it might be argued that.., Rebutting alternative evidence: however, on the other hand, nevertheless, in any case, despite this, in spite of this, even though Contrasting: by contrast, on the other hand, in fact

14. Words + Introduction Signpost reader Position taken + Conclusion

15. Connecting ideas http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=JjI8G6gA65w

16. A good argument State your point of view in 1 clear sentence There may be strong arguments on both sides of the fence but come off it and state which side has convinced you Support your argument with points and for each point give evidence Consider the other side of the fence/opposition and what evidence your opposers would produce

17. Analysis and evaluation Similarities and differences Contrasting views highlighting the differences What is the significance of the differences What difference it makes to the price of fish Criteria used to reach a judgement ? conclusion

18. Start writing For the last 5 mins now start writing anything around your developing AP role

19. acknowledgements to university of Bradford School of Management Learning service guides and other sources