1. COVENTRY UNITED PETROLEUM PRESENTATION ON OIL SPILL TREATMENT TECHNIQUES BY Ugwuezi Nwagbara5312137 Ekaterina Paravina6178488 Chenguang Li6091497 Tejiri Ziregbe 6037336 Onyeka Ufondu6006066

2. INTRODUCTION  Oil Industry Overview  Oil Spillages  Treatment Techniques  Recommendations  Conclusion

3. CAUSES OF OIL SPILLAGES Oil spill is an accidental release of oil into the environment  Activities that may cause oil spill: Drilling Rig (Upstream) Oil transportation by tankers, barges and pipelines (Midstream) Oil Storage tanks (Midstream & Downstream)  Oil spill incidents are caused by: Human Errors Break down of equipment Natural disasters Terrorists attacks and vandalism (Daveand and Ghaly 2011)

4. MECHANICAL TREATMENT  The mechanical concept is the first line of defence against the spread of oil spills (Fingas 2011). There is a number of techniques being used: Booms Skimmers Sorbents Physical methods  Limitations Weather conditions Expensive Labour intensive Complex High HSE risk

5. MECHANICAL TREATMENT Sorbents Skimmer Booms Physical Method

6. CHEMICAL TREATMENT THE USE OF DISPERSANTS AND GELLING AGENTS ARE THE MAIN CHEMICAL TREATMENT TECHNIQUES (FINGAS 2011)  Dispersants Functions Products Regulations (quantities)  Limitations Weather Water temperature Possible long term environmental effects  Gelling Agents  Limitations Not suitable for large scale spill Requires large quantitates to be effective

7. Dispersants Gelling agents in action

8. THERMAL TREATMENT  Thermal treatment is a simple and rapid method of oil spill remediation by burning the oil in situ (Doerffer 1992), and this requires: Fire resistant booms Burning agents  Limitations Human health Further ecological problems Fear of secondary fires

9. BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT  This method is mainly characterised by the use of organisms (Nomack 2011): Bacteria Fungi Yeast  Limitations: Slow process Limited application

10. RECOMMENDATIONS  In order to effectively manage oil spills, company has to take into consideration the following: The type of oil Location of Spill Government regulations The types of treatment Environmental impact

11. CONCLUSION  When oil spill occurs, its containment and treatment must be swift and effectively deployed to stop further environmental damage. Appropriate equipment, personnel and effective management are crucial components for such operation.

12. REFERENCES Doerffer, J.W. (1992) Oil spill response in the marine environment. 1 st edn. Oxford: Pergamon Press Ltd. Dave, D. and Ghaly, A.E. (2011) ‘Remediation Technologies for Marine Oil Spills: A Critical Review and Comparative Analysis’ American Journal of Environmental Sciences 7 (5) Fingas, M. (2011) Oil Spills Science and Technology. 1 st edn. Oxford: Elsevier Inc. Nomack, M. (2010) Oil Spill Control Technologies [online] available from [7 March 2015]

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