1. HKCEE CHEMISTRY
INTRODUCTION

2. MATTER (substance) THE THREE STATES OF MATTER Gas Solid Liquid
(solution)
ATMOSPHERE
EARTH
OCEAN \

3. A beaker of muddy water Air - gas (g) Sea water – solution (aq)
Water – liquid (l)
Mud /sand –
solid (s)

4. MATTER (classification)
ELEMENT: simplest substance (112 known)
COMPOUND:two or more elements joined together chemically
MIXTURE: two or more substances
(not joined together chemically)

5. MATTER Q1 State some substances present in
the ocean (solution/ liquid),
the atmosphere (gas)
the earth (solid)
Q2 Is the substance stated above an element(e), a compound( c) or a mixture(m)?
Q3 What is the substance made of?

6. MATTER(LIQUID/ SOLUTION)
(element) (mixture) (compound)
mercury Sea water detergent
orange juice water
beer alcohol
coffee
tear
petroleum petrol

7. MATTER(GAS) (element) (mixture) (compound) oxygen Air carbon dioxide
nitrogen water vapour
hydrogen
ozone

8. MATTER(SOLID) (element) (mixture) (compound) gold steel Sand
silver tin-plated iron plastic
copper bone ice
aluminium bronze mud
iron rust
tin limestone

9. MATTER(What is the substance made of?)
Mixture
(substance a?.. substance b?..)
2 Compound
(element x? element y? element ..)
3 Element
(Atom 1? Atom 2? Atom..)
Atom
(? ? ?..)

10. MIXTURE – separation? MIXTURE PURE SUBSTANCES Example: Muddy sea water
Separate Air (pumping, sucking)
Separate Mud from Water (filtering)
Separate Water from Sea water (distillation)
Separate Salt from Sea Water (evaporation, crystallization, filtration)

11. COMPOUND – separation? COMPOUND ELEMENTS Example: WATER
Electrolysis of water
At the ANODE: oxygen
At the CATHODE: hydrogen
Test for oxygen?
Test for hydrogen?

12. Change (burning a match)
Wood
Ash/ soot
(Substance B)
(Substance A)

13. Change(1) WHAT is substance A / substance B made of?
WHAT are the properties of the substance (A / B)? (Physical properties and Chemical properties)

14. Change (2)
SUBSTANCE B
CHANGE
SUBSTANCEA
Q1 WHAT is the CHANGE? (Physical change or Chemical change /Chemical Reaction)
Q2 WHAT do you OBSERVE? (DESCRIBE the observation)
Q3 EXPLAIN WHY the CHANGE occurred.

15. Rearrangement of atoms of A and B
Change (3)
(MACROSCOPIC WORLD)
Wood (A)
changes to
Ash(B)
OBSERVATION
(A B)
Rearrangement of atoms of A and B
(particles in A and B)
EXPLANATION
(A B)
(MICROSCOPIC WORLD)

16. Change (4) - PHYSICAL CHANGE
No NEW substance is formed.
(only change in physical state of the substance)
Boiling l g
Condensing g l
Melting s l
Freezing l s
Sublimation s g

17. Change(5)- CHEMICAL CHANGE
NEW substance(s) is(are) formed.
(Change in STRUCTURE and PROPERTIES)
Burning
Rusting

18. Property (1) - PHYSICAL Property
Can be Measured / observed
(without change to new substance)
-Colour Smell Taste
Physical state (at room temperature)
Density
Melting point / Boiling point
(Conductor of electricity)
(Solubility in water)

19. Property (2) - Chemical Property
Chemical reactions
(able to change to new substances)
-React with oxygen in air (burning)
-React with oxygen in air (oxidation)
-React with water (..)
-React with ..

20. Particles (microscopic world)
ATOM
n,p,e
ATOM A
ION
ATOM B - +
MOLECULE
(stable)
CATION
(stable)
ANION
(stable)

21. Sub-atomic Particles
ATOM
NEUTRONS(n)
PROTONS(p)
ELECTRONS(e)

22. MODELS OF SUBSTANCES *ARE NOT REAL
*HELPS US TO VISUALIZE THE ARRANGEMENT OF PARTICLES OF THE MICROSCOPIC WORLD
EXAMPLES:
-MODEL OF ATOM
-MODEL OF MOLECULE
-MODEL OF ELEMENT
-MODEL OF COMPOUND

23. CHEMISTRY OF PURE SUBSTANCE
(MACROSCOPIC WORLD)
SAMPLES
of substances
ELEMENT
COMPOUND
EXPERIMENT
EXPLANATION
MODELS
(of atomic particles)
(MICROSCOPIC WORLD)
ATOMS
IONS
MOLECULES

24. PURE SUBSTANCE (CLASSIFICATION)
ELEMENT: METALS
NON-METALS
(SEMI-METALS)
COMPOUND : IONIC (metal & non-metal)
COVALENT(non-metals only)

25. PURE SUBSTANCE (MICROSCOPIC WORLD)
ELEMENT: ATOMS (of the same type)
MOLECULES (of same type of atoms)
COMPOUND: IONIC COMPOUND
(CATIONS & ANIONS from metals and non-metals)
COVALENT COMPOUND
(MOLECULES of different non- metal atoms)