1. “Compounds and Mixtures”

2. I- Identifying Compounds: A-Compounds = substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements.

3. 1- Compounds always contain the same elements and the same ratio of elements. EXAMPLES: Rust = F FF Fe2O3 two iron atoms and three oxygen atoms, Water = H2O Two hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen.

4. 2- Chemical Formula = a chemical compound. It includes symbols of the element and the ratios of atoms. EXAMPLES: H HH H2O, NaCl, and Fe2O3 the small number is called a s ss subscript if no subscript there is one atom of that element.

6. 3. Compounds unlike elements can be broken down into itselements. Since they are chemically combined they need to be broken down chemically. a -Heating will separate some compounds. b -Electrolysis = == = passing electricity through the compound.

8. II-Identifying Mixtures: A-Mixtures: two or more substances that mix together but d dd do n nn not join chemically.

9. 1-Can be either compounds or elements. EXAMPLES: Soil Sand Air Milk Toothpastes

10. 2- Separating Mixtures: a aa a- Easily using f ff filters. b- N NN Naturally = Oil and water. c- Evaporate = salt, sugar, & water

11. CompoundMixture Formed byElementsElements or Compounds BondsChemicallyNot Chemically Number of substances Fixed amounts Random amounts SeparateHardEasy

12. III- Types of Mixtures: A- Solutions: Type of mixture. E XAMPLE: Sugar Water. 1- Even though you can not see the sugar it still makes the water sweet.

13. 2-Dissolving: SUGAR-WATER The sugar molecules attract to the H2O molecules. Filling the spaces between the water molecules.

14. 3- Soluble = when one substance can be dissolved in another substance. a- Solvent = == = the substance that dissolves other materials. H HH H20 b- Solute = the substance that is being dissolved. S SS Sugar

15. 4- Describing Solutions: a- Dilute = small amount of solute. Weak coffee b- Concentrated = large amount of solute. S SS Strong coffee c- Saturated = N NN No more solute can be dissolved at that temperature and pressure.

16. HH eat the solution up you can increase the solvents ability to dissolvemore solute. 5- Solubility = describes the amount of solute necessary to saturate a definite amount of solvent at a given temperature

17. IV- S SS Suspensions = == = Another Kind of Mixture A AA A- Suspension: a mixture in which the particles of one substance become scattered through out another w ww without dissolving. EXAMPLES: Oil and Water.

18. Oil Water 1-Types of Suspensions: SS olid in Liquid “Sand and Water” SS olid in Gas “Smoke” GG as in Liquid “Shaving Cream” LL iquid in Liquid “Oil and Water

19. B- Colloid = Suspension of small particles that remain mixed. Example: MILK 1-Emulsion special type of colloid that consists of one liquid suspended in another liquid.

20. EXAMPLE: EXAMPLE: Mayonnaise Emulsifier “Egg Yolk” a- Emulsifier is the substance that keeps the particles of liquid mixed. “Egg Yolk”