1. Physical Science 101

3. Atom the basic building block of all matter one single “unit” of an element Examples: a Hydrogen atom, a Nitrogen atom

4. Element substance that consists of one or more of the same type of atom most common form (compared to atom), not easy to isolate one atom Periodic Table of Elements

5. Elements Elements contain one or more of the same type of atom! Examples include: Oxygen – 8 protons per atom Copper – 29 protons per atom Gold – 79 protons per atom Carbon – 6 protons per atom Hydrogen – 1 proton per atom

6. Molecule smallest unit of a compound more than one atom chemically combined examples: Glucose – C 6 H 12 O 6 (6 atom of carbon, twelve atoms of hydrogen,  and 6 atoms of oxygen) water (H ₂ O), breathable oxygen (O ₂ ), and salt (NaCl)

7. contain more than one molecule of the same type of molecule Example of organic compound (a compound with carbon atoms): Example of inorganic compound (a compound with no carbon atoms):   Water – several molecules of H ₂O

8. Mixture when two or more things are combined physically, not chemically things within a mixture can be physically separated

9. Atoms have: A nucleus small, heavy part of the atom An electron cloud large, lightweight part of the atom Nucleus Electron Cloud

10. Nucleus of an Atom Nucleus contains: N Protons Have a positive charge All atoms are distinguished by the number of protons it has (atomic number) Neutrons Have no charge (neutral) Have same mass as protons N N

11. e-e- e-e- Electron Cloud of an Atom An electron cloud contains: Electrons determine bonding properties of substance have a very small mass compared to protons and neutrons orbit the nucleus of the atom are contained within shells of the electron cloud have a negative charge

12. Atom Structure +1 Electron Proton Neutron +1

13. Element Guide 2 Proton Number-tells what element it is. - # of protons (also the atomic number) He Explains name of the element. 4 Explains the total atomic weight-The number of protons PLUS the number of neutrons (round to the nearest whole number).

14. A chemical formula can be very informative. It shows the numbers and types of elements in a compound. What is the formula of the compound described by these compositions? One copper to one oxygen One carbon to two oxygen One calcium to one carbon to three oxygen CuO CO 2 CaCO 3 Hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio 2:1H2OH2O Carbon and hydrogen in the ratio 1:4CH 4 Potassium, nitrogen and oxygen in the ratio 1:1:3KNO 3

15. 1. In an element, the atoms are all the same. 2.A compound contains atoms of different elements joined together. 3. Carbon is a compound. 4. Elements in a compound are easy to separate. 5. A chemical formula shows what elements (atoms) are in a compound. Element or compound? True or false? TRUE FALSE TRUE

16. 1. Substances in a mixture are easier to separate than substances in a compound. 2.Pure water is a mixture. 3. Pure air is a mixture. 4.Substances in mixtures are not chemically joined. 5.Pure copper oxide is a mixture. Mixtures – true or false? True or false? TRUE FALSE TRUE FALSE