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Published byMuriel Reynolds Modified over 9 years ago
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HAEMATURIA
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Definition Blood in the urine Presence of ≥3 erythrocytes per high power field (HPF) under a microscope Microscopic or frank/gross
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Causes AcquiredCongenital LocalGeneral Surgical sieve!
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Surgical Sieve – VITAMIN D Vascular Infection/inflammation Traumatic Autoimmune Metabolic Idiopathic Neoplastic Degenerative
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Causes Infective cystitis, prostatitis, urethritis Inflammation glomerulonephritis, IgA nephropathy Traumatic accidents, catheter (iatrogenic) Neoplastic renal, prostate/BPH, ureters, bladder Structural stones, polycystic kidney disease General bleeding disorders, sickle cell disease
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False Readings False + Haemoglobinuria/myoglobinuria Betanin (beetroot) Porphyria False – Highly dilute urine
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History - HPC Pain Onset Time When during the stream? Associated factors Frequency Chemicals Red flags! True haematuria? Definitely haematuria?
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Investigations MSU: dipstick, MCS & cytology (TCC) Bloods: FBC, U/E, CRP, ESR Imaging: US, contrast CT, XR-KUB, intravenous urogram (IVU) Flexible cystoscopy
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