1. MODAL VERBS CAN : possibility-impossibility: “I can/can´t walk” ability: “I can play the piano” permission: “Can I smoke here?” negative deductions: “they can´t be at home, the lights are off” COULD:ability in the past: “My grandfather could speak French and English”. polite request:”Coild you say it again, please? impossibility in the past:”It was so windy that I couldn´t open the window.” suggestions:”We coul go to the cinema” speculation:”These keys could be mine”.

2. MODAL VERBS MAY: polite requests:May I ask you soething?” Permission: You may go out now. Possibility: He may visit us tomorrow. Speculations:He may be the man who won the lottery, look at his new car¡ MIGHT:Possibility: she might be awarded the prize. Speculations: they might have come into the house through an open window. MUST: Obligation (impossed by speaker)You must go to bed now. emphatic advice:You must take more exercixe. Prohibition (negative): you musn´t run in the corridors. affirmative deduction: The news must be true.

3. MODAL VERBS NEED: necessity:”need we tell them now? absence of obligation (negative):You neend´t get up early tomorrow. HAVE TO: Obligation(external authority) Your friend has to be more responsible. You have to wear uniform of duty Absence of obligation (negative):You don´t have to do it now if you don´t want to. SHOULD/OUGHT TO: advice:you shoul eat more moral obligation:you should have been more responsible. complaints of past actions:you shouldn´t have lied.

4. Modal verbs WOULD: polite requests: would you mind closing the door? polite offers: Would you like some biscuits? SHALL: suggestions: Shall we go to the cinema? offers:Shall I open the window for you? making decisions at the moment of speaking: I shall report to the police immediately.

5. MODALS USED TO: habits, routines in the past, which contrast with the present: “We used to play football when we were children” WOULD: habits, routines BUT doesn´t express states:be/think/have/believe/like “ In spring we would go to the country every weekend” ”My father used to have a mercedes “ NOT¡¡¡: “My father would have a mercedes” BE/BET USED TO + GERUND: past, present or future situations already experienced. (GET: somebody is getting used to or getting familiar with a situation/action)