1. Definitely, it IS a problem Diverse participation encourages creativity Design of products and services by a diverse group yields products and services that benefit a broad range of consumers Fortune 500 companies with a high number of female executives deliver 34% higher return to shareholders than companies with the fewest women

2. The Incredible Shrinking Pipeline Adapted from “The incredible shrinking pipeline, Communications of the ACM, vol. 40, no. 10, pp. 103-110, Oct. 1997, Tracy Camp Colorado School of Mines

3. Questions What is the shrinking pipeline? What is the incredible shrinking pipeline? Why does the incredible shrinking pipeline exist? Is it a problem? Why or why not? If yes, what is being done to solve the problem? Does the incredible shrinking pipeline exist outside the United States?

4. Goal

5. Total B.A./B.S. Degrees Awarded

6. Percent B.A./B.S. Degrees to Women

8. B.A./B.S. Degrees awarded in CS, and Percentage awarded to women (1980-81 to 1999-00)

9. Math/Stats increased by 8.9% Bio/Life Sciences increased by 20.7% Engineering increased by 38.3% Physical Sciences increased by 44.6% Computer Science decreased by 24.5% Changes in the Percentage of Degrees Awarded to Women (1983-84 to 1999-00) The Incredible Shrinking Pipeline

10. Why does the Incredible Shrinking Pipeline exist in Computer Science and not other Science/Engineering fields?

11. Retention: Top 10 Reasons for Why Left Computer Science 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Choice Teaching Advising Other Majors Interest Lifestyle HS Preparation Career Options Overwhelming Poor Grades Source: NSF 1996 %Women %Men

12. 1. not enough role models 2. women have other interests 3. don't know about the industry 4. limited opportunity 5. negative media 6. too nerdy Recruitment: Priming the Pipeline Andrea Jepson and Teri Perl Why are girls less likely to pursue computer science careers?

13. Reasons for the ISP 1. PC games in the 80's were mainly developed by and for males 2. perception of CS became hacker/nerd/anti- social in the early 80's 3. women in CS faced gender discrimination 4. mentors began encouraging boys to major in CS more than girls 5. too few women in computing in the 70's became professors

14. Is the Incredible Shrinking Pipeline a problem?

15. The IT Shortage IT industry accounts for more than 1/3 of the U.S. economy 3 of the top 10 fastest growing jobs are in information technology IT job growth far exceeds expected degree production through 2012 (145,000 new jobs compared with 75,000 degrees)

17. Does the Incredible Shrinking Pipeline exist outside the United States?

18. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 197519851990 Source: Wright 1997, Women in Computing Percentage United States Canada Japan Spain Turkey Italy Finland Hungary Korea Germany Malaysia Percent of Women in CS by Country

20. What can be done to reverse the Incredible Shrinking Pipeline trend?

21. Priority Items To Do 1. make more visible the female role models that exist 2. improve CS mentoring of K-12 school females 3. improve CS mentoring of college females 4. ensure equal access to computers for girls in K-12 schools, public and private 5. train teachers to have classrooms that are friendly to both males and females Change the image of computer science!

22. What is being done to reverse the Incredible Shrinking Pipeline trend?

23. ACM = Association of Computing Machinery ACM-W = ACM'S Committee on Women in Computing http://www.acm.org/womenwww.acm.org/women

24. 21 new articles Inroads (SIGCSE journal), Special Issue on Women in Computing June 2002 9 editorials 8 reprints

25. Pale and Male: 19 th Century Design in a 21 st Century World Inroads (SIGCSE journal), June 2002 Is Diversity in Computing a Moral Matter? What do you say? Open Letters to Women Considering a Computer Science Major R&R Women in Undergraduate Computing Majors Unlocking the Clubhouse: The Carnegie Mellon Experience (7% to 42%) Priming the Pipeline R&R Women in Undergraduate Computing Majors People Who Make a Difference: Mentors and Role Models

26. CRA = Computer Research Association http://www.cra.org/Activities/craw

27. Anita Borg Institute for Women and Technology http://anitaborg.org

30. Questions What is the shrinking pipeline? What is the incredible shrinking pipeline? Why does the incredible shrinking pipeline exist? Is it a problem? Why or why not? If yes, what is being done to solve the problem? Does the incredible shrinking pipeline exist outside the United States?

31. NO CLASS NEXT TUESDAY (OCTOBER 19th)