1. 2008 Student Progress Monitoring & Data-Based Instruction in Special Education Introduction to Using CBM for Progress Monitoring in Reading An overview (Sample presentation to present to students)

2. 2 Note About This Presentation Although we use progress monitoring measures in this presentation to illustrate methods, we are not recommending or endorsing any specific product.

3. READING CBM 2008 Student Progress Monitoring & Data-Based Instruction in Special Education

4. 4 Reading CBM Not interested in making kids read faster Interested in kids becoming better readers The CBM score is an overall indicator of reading competence Students who score high on CBM –Are better decoders –Are better at sight vocabulary –Are better comprehenders Correlates highly with other global measures of reading (e.g. high stakes testing; commercially available tests; teacher made tests)

5. 5 Steps to Conducting CBM 1. How to Place Students in a Reading CBM Task for Progress Monitoring 2. How to Identify the Level of Material for Monitoring Progress for Passage Reading Fluency and Maze Fluency 3. How to Administer and Score Reading CBM

6. 6 Step 1: How to Place Students in a Reading CBM Task At Kindergarten –Letter Sound Fluency At Grade 1 –Word Identification Fluency At Grades 2-3 –Passage Reading Fluency At Grades 4-6 –Maze Fluency

7. 7 Step 2: How to Identify the Level of Material for Monitoring Progress Generally, students use the CBM materials prepared for their grade level However, some students may need to read from a different grade level if they are well below grade-level expectations

8. 8 Step 2: How to Identify the Level of Material for Monitoring Progress To find the appropriate CBM level: –Determine grade level text for student –Administer 3 CBM Passage Reading Fluency passages If student reads 10-50 words correct in 1 minute but with less than 85-90% accuracy, move to next lower CBM level If student reads more than 50 words correct in 1 minute, move to the highest level of text where he/she reads between 10-50 words correct until the student reaches his/her grade level If the student reads less than 10 correct words in 1 minute, use the CBM word identification fluency measure instead of CBM PRF or CBM Maze Fluency for progress monitoring.

9. 9 Step 3: How To Administer and Score Reading Probes Students read letters, isolated words or passages for 1 minute Student reads out loud while teacher marks student errors The number of letters or words correct is calculated and graphed on student graph Four CBM reading tasks are considered

10. 10 CBM Letter Sound Fluency (LSF) For kindergarten students Student presented with page of 26 random letters on LSF Student Copy Student reads the letter sounds for 1 minute Teacher marks errors on LSF Teacher Score Sheet

11. 11 CBM Letter Sound Fluency (LSF) Alternate-passage stability (3 weeks):.92 -.94 Criterion validity with WRMT:.58 -.71 Predictive Validity with CBM (Fall 1 to Spring 1):.68 Predictive Validity with CBM (Fall K to Spring 1):.54 Predictive Validity with TerraNova (Fall 1 to Spring 1):.53 Predictive Validity with TerraNova (Fall K to Spring 1):.43

12. 12 CBM Letter Sound Fluency (LSF) Student copy of LSF Letters in the box are practice

13. 13 CBM Letter Sound Fluency (LSF) LSF Teacher Score Sheet Errors are marked with a slash (/) Score is adjusted if student completes in less than 1 minute

14. 14 CBM Letter Sound Fluency (LSF) Only short vowel sounds are correct. If the student answers correctly, immediately point to the next letter on the student’s copy.

15. 15 CBM Letter Sound Fluency (LSF) If the student does not respond after 3 seconds, point to the next letter. Do not correct errors. Mark errors on teacher’s score sheet. At 1 minute, circle the last letter the child attempts.

16. 16 CBM Letter Sound Fluency (LSF) Abby’s CBM LSF Errors are marked with a slash (/) Last sound (/r/) is circled 23 sounds attempted 5 incorrect Abby’s score = 18

17. 17 CBM Letter Sound Fluency (LSF) Let’s practice. This is the Teacher Score Sheet.

18. 18 CBM Letter Sound Fluency (LSF) Let’s practice. This is the Student copy.

19. 19 Adjusting the Score # of sounds correct # of seconds A x 60 = Adjusted score Example: 20 correct sounds in 45 seconds 20 / 45 =.44.44 x 60 = 26.67 Adjusted score = 27 in 60 seconds = A

20. 20 CBM Word Identification Fluency (WIF) For first-grade students Student presented with a list of 50 words Student reads words for 1 minute Teacher marks errors on WIF Score Sheet

21. 21 CBM Word Identification Fluency (WIF) Alternate-passage stability (3 weeks):.97 Criterion validity with WRMT:.75 -.93 Predictive Validity with CBM (22-30 weeks):.68 -.87 Predictive Validity with TerraNova (22-30 weeks):.62 -.76

22. 22 CBM Word Identification Fluency (WIF) CBM WIF Student list

23. 23 CBM Word Identification Fluency (WIF) WIF Teacher Score Sheet Words read correctly marked as ‘1’ Words read incorrectly marked as ‘0’

24. 24 CBM Word Identification Fluency (WIF) If the student hesitates, prompt her to move to the next word after 2 seconds. If the student is sounding out a word, prompt him to move to the next word after 5 seconds. Do not correct errors. Mark errors on score sheet.

25. 25 CBM Word Identification Fluency (WIF) At 1 minute, circle the last word the student reads. If the student finishes in less than 1 minute, note the number of seconds it took to complete the word list. See administration and scoring guide for information on adjusting scores.

26. 26 CBM Word Identification Fluency (WIF) Shameka’s CBM WIF Correct words marked as ‘1’ Incorrect words marked as ‘0’ Last word read (car) is circled Shameka’s score = 29

27. 27 CBM Word Identification Fluency (WIF) Let’s practice. This is the Teacher Score Sheet.

28. 28 CBM Word Identification Fluency (WIF) Let’s practice. This is the Student list.

29. 29 Adjusting the Score # of sounds correct # of seconds A x 60 = Adjusted score = A

30. 30 CBM Passage Reading Fluency (PRF) For students in grades 1-6 Student reads grade-appropriate passage for 1 minute from PRF Student copy Teacher marks errors on PRF Teacher copy

31. 31 CBM Passage Reading Fluency (PRF) Alternate-passage stability (3 weeks):.92 Criterion validity with WRMT:.70 -.89 Predictive validity with CBM (22-30 weeks):.72 -.86 Predictive validity with TerraNova (22- 30 weeks):.65 -.72

32. 32 CBM Passage Reading Fluency (PRF) PRF Student copy

33. 33 CBM Passage Reading Fluency (PRF) PRF Teacher copy Numbers along margin allow for easy calculation of words attempted

34. 34 CBM Passage Reading Fluency (PRF) Scoring guidelines: –Repetitions, self-corrections, insertions, and dialectical differences are all scored as CORRECT –Mispronunciations, word substitutions, omitted words, hesitations (word not said within 3 seconds), and reversals are all scored as ERRORS

35. 35 CBM Passage Reading Fluency (PRF) Additional scoring guidelines: –A skipped line is counted as 1 error –Every word but 1 of the words is subtracted from the total number of words attempted

36. 36 CBM Passage Reading Fluency (PRF) Reggie’s CBM PRF Words read incorrectly marked with a slash (/) Lines omitted marked with a horizontal line Last word read in 1 minute marked with a slash

37. 37 CBM Passage Reading Fluency (PRF) 135 words attempted in 1 minute 14 of 15 words omitted in 4th line subtracted from 136 (135 – 14 = 121) 1 omission error and 8 reading errors subtracted from 121 (121 – 9 = 112) Reggie’s score = 112

38. 38 CBM Passage Reading Fluency (PRF) This is the first page of the Teacher Copy.

39. 39 CBM Passage Reading Fluency (PRF) This is the first page of the Student Copy.

40. 40 CBM Maze Fluency For students in grades 1-6 Administered to a group of students at one time Students read passage and circle correct word for each blank Tests lasts for 2.5 minutes Teacher grades each test later

41. 41 CBM Maze Fluency Alternate-passage stability (3 weeks):.94 Criterion validity with WRMT:.71 -.93 Predictive Validity with CBM (22-30 weeks):.70 -.84 Predictive Validity with TerraNova (22-30 weeks):.67 -.74

42. 42 CBM Maze Fluency Maze Student copy Students receive 1 point for each correct answer Scoring is discontinued if 3 consecutive errors are made

43. 43 CBM Maze Fluency Juan’s CBM Maze 10 correct answers before he made 3 consecutive mistakes Juan’s score = 10

44. 44 CBM Maze Fluency Let’s practice. This is the first page of the CBM Maze test, “Summer Camp.”

45. 45 CBM Maze Fluency

46. 46 Minimum End of Year Reading CBM Benchmarks K: 40 letter sounds per min (LSF) 1: 60 words correct per min (WIF) 1: 50 words correct text per min (PRF) 2: 75 words correct from text per min (PRF) 3: 100 words correct from text per min (PRF) 4: 20 replacements to text per 2.5 min (MAZE) 5: 25 replacements to text per 2.5 min (MAZE) 6: 30 replacements to text per 2.5 min (MAZE)

47. 47 How to Use Data to Describe Student Strengths and Weaknesses Using CBM PRF, student miscues may be analyzed to describe possible student strengths and weaknesses Student reads a CBM PRF passage and teacher writes down student errors First 10 errors are analyzed using a Quick Miscue Analysis Table

48. 48 How to Use Data to Describe Student Strengths and Weaknesses

49. 49 How to Use Data to Describe Student Strengths and Weaknesses

50. 50 How to Use Data to Describe Student Strengths and Weaknesses

51. 51 How to Use Data to Describe Student Strengths and Weaknesses

52. 52 How to Use Data to Describe Student Strengths and Weaknesses

53. 53 How to Use Data to Describe Student Strengths and Weaknesses

54. 54 Discussion How would you incorporate Reading CBM into your curriculum? What assignments will you assign? –3 Passage Reading Fluency probes (grades 1-6) –What assignments for students teaching middle or high school? –How will those assignments be graded?