1. Cloning Chapter 20

2. What you need to know! The terminology of biotechnology The steps in gene cloning with special attention to the biotechnology tools that make cloning possible

3. Cloning Clones are genetically identical organisms Natural Clones are: –Bacteria that underwent binary fission –Organisms that reproduce through asexual reproduction –Identical twins Artificial clones are organisms produced from the DNA of a somatic cell (skin cells, udder cells, etc.)

4. In-Vitro Fertilization Simulated to create clones 1.Estrogen overdose leads to multiple ovulations 2.Eggs are harvested 3.Eggs are exposed to sperm in a petri-dish 4.Fertilized zygotes begin cellular division 5.Implant multiple zygotes into hormonally prepared uterus

5. Embryo Splitting Artificial identical twins

6. Nuclear Transfer 1.Take egg cell and remove the nucleus with a microscopic pipette 2.Insert a nucleus from a somatic cell into the modified egg cell 3.Hormonal treatment induces the egg cell to start dividing 4.Transplant into a surrogate mother for further development

7. Nuclear Transfer

8. Cloning Today Scientific study –Dolly the sheep Food –Beef, vegetables Clone-A-Pet-Services –Clone lost pets –$30,000 - $50,000