1. Chapter Eight Myths of Hermes, Pan, Hephaestus, and Ares ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

2. HERMES, GOD OF WAYFARERS He of the stone heap. ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

3. Hermes From Arcadia – Remote and wild area in central Peloponnesus The stone heap – To mark trails and boundaries – A "herm" ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

4. Fig. 8.1 A herm. These apotropaic markers in Athens were defaced just before a massive and risky invasion by Athens against the powerful city of Syracuse in Sicily. Because of the fear this caused the Athenians, they recalled their most effective general and were decisively defeated. ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. Vanni/Art Resource, New York

5. Hermes Protector of... – Thieves – Merchants < the Latin equivalent "Mercury" – Travelers – Messengers Carry his staff, the caduceus ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

6. Hermes Protector of... – Souls going to the underworld after death "Psychopompos" Called Argeïphontes – For having slain Argus, the watchman ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

7. THE HOMERIC HYMN TO HERMES Tells of Hermes's birth a first several adventures. ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

8. Homeric Hymn to Hermes Shows him as a trickster god, outwitting the more noble Apollo. Perhaps an indication that at the time of the composition of the hymn Greece was starting to feel the growing power of the merchants and working class. ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

9. Fig. 8.2 Hermes and Apollo's Cattle ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. Photo Vatican Museums

10. PAN, THE GOATHERD'S GOD A being associated with Hermes's role as protector of the flock. ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

11. Pan Beings associated with Hermes Autolycus (son) – master thief – could make himself invisible – father of Odysseus Pan (son) (to feed?) – shows fertility side of Hermes Syrinx (Pan pipes) – “Panic” of the solitude of the woods Echo (loved by Hermes) got into trouble with Hera ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

12. Fig. 8.3 Pan Pursues a Shepherd ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. Photograph © 2007 Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

13. PERSPECTIVE 8.1 Pan and the Pastoral Tradition ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

14. Pan and the Pastoral Tradition Pan lives on in Western literature as a symbol of the purity of the woods and the simplicity of the country as opposed to the corruption of city. ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

15. HEPHAESTUS, GOD OF SMITHS In Latin, Vulcan, Hephaestus is the god of the forge and the volcano. ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

16. Hephaestus From the island of Lemnos. The “blacksmith” god. From Zeus and Hera or just Hera. Lame blacksmith god or just god of the manual crafts and metal working; sometimes just fire. – Shows some aristocratic contempt for manual labor. ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

17. Hephaestus Assisted by Cyclopes and golden robots Married as a joke to Aphrodite Once trapped Hera in a throne: released her after Dionysus (god of wine) got him drunk and brought him to Olympus ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

18. Fig. 8.4 A Blacksmith's Shop ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. Staatliche Museen, Berlin; Bildarchiv Preußischer Kulturbesitz/Art Resource, New York

19. Fig. 8.5 Drunk Hephaestus is helped back to Olympus so that he can release Hera, whom he had ensnared in one of his elaborate traps. ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. Museum Antiker Kleinkunst, Munich/Hirmer Fotoarchiv, Munich, Germany

20. ARES, INCARNATION OF BLOOD LUST The god was not particularly well liked by the Greeks. ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

21. Ares Son of Zeus and Hera Blood-lust in battle Greeks preferred Athena as goddess of strategy in war Few myths about him and few temples Disgracefully wounded at Troy by Athena and Diomedes ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

22. Ares Best known for adultery with Aphrodite Caught in flagrante delicto by Hephaestus – Fear (Phobos), Panic (Deimos) – Harmonia and Eros ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

23. Fig. 8.6 Hephaestus caught Aphrodite and Ares in bed with one of his traps. The two lovers had four children from their affair. ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Naples; author’s photo

24. End ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.