4. Oooooh, BIG ScaRy Science word!

5. What do these words mean?

6. So What Is A Macromolecule? a LARGE organic molecule (Organic = Carbon)

8. Polygons Polygamy Polyester

10. What does “Mono” mean?

11. Polymer Large molecule made of many repeating units called monomers Large molecule made of many repeating units called monomers

13. 3 out of the 4 types of macromolecules can be found on food nutrition labels…

14. Look at the label to the left. 3 of the 4 macromolecules can be found here… 1____________________ 2____________________ 3____________________ (0 grams in this product) (13 grams in this product) (9 grams in this product)

16. NUCLEIC ACIDS

17. LET’S BEGIN WITH CARBOHYDRATES They are the main source of energy for the body. They are our fuel! They make up the cell wall in plants which allow them to grow tall, without this carbohydrate, a plant would be a mushy mess! This type of carbohydrate is called Cellulose. THINK: CARBS= ENERGY and CELL WALLS

18. CARBOHYDRATES THERE ARE 2 TYPES OF CARBOHYDRATES Simple Complex

19. Simple Sugars are carbohydrates made up of 1 or 2 monomers. They also taste sweet.

20. Simple Sugars

21. Complex Carbohydrates… What are they? Complex Cabohydrates are polymers made up of many monomers. Most also taste starchy.

22. Complex Carbohydrates

23. CARBOHYDRATES Carbohydrates are chains (polymers) made of monomers. The most common monomer of carbohydrates is…

24. The shape of Glucose is a hexagonal ring

25. CARBOHYDRATES Each carbohydrate is made up of… There are 2 Hydrogen atoms for every 1 Oxygen atom THINK: “CHO” 2:1

26. NOW ON TO PROTEINS They are the major structural molecules in living things for growth and repair : muscles, ligaments, tendons, bones, hair, skin, nails…IN FACT ALL CELL MEMBRANES have protein in them They make up antibodies in the immune system They make up enzymes for helping chemical reactions They makeup non-steriod hormones THINK: Proteins= Membranes, Enzymes, Antibodies, Non- steriod hormones, Structural molecules, “MEANS”

27. Proteins

28. Proteins Aside from the protein found in animal sources…protein can also be found in fruits, vegetables, grains, and nuts. (it just does not have as many amino acids)

29. PROTEINS Proteins are long chains (polymers) made of monomers. All proteins are made of the monomer… (There are 20 amino acids)

30. The shapes of proteins are like a balled up piece of string Amino Acid chain All wound up

31. PROTEINS Each protein is made up of… THINK: “CHONS”

32. LIPIDS ARE NEXT They are a great source of STORED ENERGY so we have it in the future. They INSULATE the body to maintain normal body temperature and they CUSHION the internal organs for protection. They produce hormones for the body called STEROIDS They waterproof surfaces of animals, plants, and fruits- these are waxes! THINK: Waterproof, insulate, steroids, energy, cushion… “WISE C”

33. LIPIDS…Some interesting info Fruits produce a waxy coating to keep from drying out. The cells in a tulip make a wax which helps coat the leaves. Ear wax traps dust, sand, and other foreign particles from going deeper into the ear and causing damage. Beeswax- a structural material to hold honey in the hive

34. LIPIDS

35. LIPIDS Lipids are chains (polymers) made of monomers. The most common monomer of lipids is…

36. The Shape of a triglyceride is like the letter E This is a triglyceride molecule

37. LIPIDS Most lipids contain lots of… THINK: “CH”

38. Last but not least… NUCLEIC ACIDS

39. NUCLEIC ACID THERE ARE 2 TYPES OF NUCLEIC ACID DNA RNA DNA (DeoxyriboNucleic Acid) RNA (RiboNucleic Acid)

40. Nucleic Acids 1) DNA Is Is our genetic material. Chromosomes Chromosomes are made of DNA. contain the “recipes” to make proteins proteins for your body. 2) RNA Reads Reads the DNA “protein recipes” Makes Makes the proteins for your body.

41. NUCLEIC ACIDS Inside of the nucleus of each cellInside of the nucleus of each cell

42. NUCLEIC ACIDS Nucleic Acids are chains (polymers) made of monomers. The monomers of Nucleic Acids are

43. Nucleic Acids Each Nucleic Acid is made up of… THINK: “PONCH”

44. Nucleotide (3 parts) Sugar/phosphate Backbone (sides) Hydrogen bonds (connect bases) Nitrogen Bases A bonds with T G bonds with C

45. Nucleic Acids Compare and Contrast: DNARNA Composed of: 4 BASES: # Strands Type of SugarDEOXYRIBOSERIBOSE Made by: NUCLEOTIDES NUCLEOTIDES C-G A- U C-G A- T SINGLE DOUBLE TRANSCRIPTION REPLICATION

46. 45 ClassTypical Monomer RolesExamples CarbohydratesSugar (Glucose) EnergyStarch Cellulose LipidsFatty Acids (Triglyceride) Stored energy, insulation Fat, Oil, Wax Testosterone ProteinsAmino Acids Structure, enzymes Hair, Insulin, Collagen Nucleic AcidsNucleotidesStore genetic info DNA, RNA

47. The Cell Theory All living things are composed of one or more cells. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in an organism. Cells come only from reproduction of existing cells.