1. H7c Roles of Booker T. Washington, W.E.B DuBois, John and Lugenia Hope and Alonzo Herndon

2. Progressive movement was for northern whites in industrialized northern cities

3. African American Problems Political districts were designed to eliminate Blacks $ 1. many are tenant farmers & hired hands 2. many remain in the South near families but opportunities are limited *Jim Crow laws-segregation *Black schools were inferior

4. Solutions 1. move North- cities, looking for work; they find due to a lack of education and opportunity things are not better 2. church involvement

5. Reformers 1. Booker T. Washington 2. W.E.B. DuBois Marcus Garvey

6. Booker T. Washington Educated believed in vocational education (hands on training- useful, needed) Thought Blacks are at societies bottom and must work their way up Civil rights act of 1875 shot down Education + property+ character= practiced civil rights Vocationally educated =brains, property, character = respect, practiced civil rights Waiting=education, self-improvement Forced changed# lasting

7. W.E.B. DuBois Social and political integration Education (capable)+ organize formal disagreements + exercise legal rights= social and political integration Elite 10% ( future leaders, nurture, college degrees) Nurses, teachers, (formal training, some college) Deciding crops, new crops (vocationally trained) Field hands (no formal education) Based on education practices began in early 1816

8. How did Reformers spread their message? Black owned/ran newspapers empowered, informed, encouraged and persuaded the Black Community They printed what some did not want to “know”, “see”, or “believe” Gave writers, cartoonists, journalists, and intellectuals the canvas to display their talent

9. John Hope Opposed to Booker T. Washington’s view on vocational education. His belief is Blacks should enter higher levels of education. “we cannot possess self-respect until we can point men in our own ranks who are equal to any other race” Form AU center Along w/wife Lugenia organized Neighborhood Union(offers vocational classes, health center, clubs for boys & girls, financial aid for needy families)

10. Quick write 13a You have the priviledge of presenting an award to one activist of your choice. Be sure to provide a bio and results of good work. (1para) Rubric Background Accomplishments Impact of accomplishments on society Fun fact

11. Continuous problems for Blacks Grandfather clause (1908) Those not covered must take literacy test, own property, and pay poll tax

12. Alonzo Franklin Herndon Went from slavery to business (barbershop) owner Bought Atlanta Mutual Insurance Company Invested in several businesses Believed in self-reliance and ownership

13. Henry O. Flipper 1 st black to grad from West Point Native of T’ville Accussed of embezzling funds, found innocent of embezzlement but guilty of bad conduct Pardoned in 1973