1. Arrays for Point-of-Care Early Cancer Detection James F. Rusling Departments of Chemistry & Cell Biology University of Connecticut and UCHC Storrs, CT, USA

2. Detecting cancer through protein biomarkers Early cancer detection holds great promise for preventive therapies to avoid cancer. Cancer biomarkers are biomolecules (proteins) expressed in cancer and cancer-risk situations. Measurement of collections of protein cancer biomarkers provides reliable diagnostics (~99% correct) Genetic cancer markers important for full picture

3. The Grand Challenge Inexpensive point-of-care biosensor arrays for cancer biomarker screening automated, easy to use and interpret measure several hundred biomarkers in several drops of patient serum achieve effective cancer prevention for millions lead to new mechanism-based therapies

4. Example: 4 Prostate Cancer Biomarkers Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)  glycoprotein MW 33 kD  PSA in serum: clinical method for detecting prostate cancer  4-10 ng/mL up to 5 years before clinical signs of disease PF4 – Platelet Factor 4 –Normal conc. in human plasma 2-10 ng/mL, early cancer>10 ng/mL MMP-2 – Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 –zinc dependant proteinase; 3 enhances tumor growth; human plasma conc. normal < 300 ng/mL; cancer 300-1200 ng/mL PSMA - Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen –overexpressed in high grade prostate cancer; –human plasma conc. normal < 250 ng/mL; cancer 250-400 ng/mL

5. One approach - electrochemical sandwich immunoassays nanostructured electrodes multi-label detection; ultralow NSB

6. The Dream Microfluidic system interfaced to multi-element Chip for sample, reagent, & wash automation. User need only add sample Interfaced laptop provides data analysis, database comparisons, interpreted results, transmittal to physicians. Multielectrode Chip - many capture antibodies