1. Reconstruction: 1863 – 1877 African American Political Leaders

2. “Everything among us indicates a change in our condition, and [we must] prepare to act in a different sphere from that in which we have heretofore acted… Our relationship to this government is changing daily… Old things are passing away, and eventually old prejudices must follow. The revolution has begun, and time alone must decide where it is to end.” “Everything among us indicates a change in our condition, and [we must] prepare to act in a different sphere from that in which we have heretofore acted… Our relationship to this government is changing daily… Old things are passing away, and eventually old prejudices must follow. The revolution has begun, and time alone must decide where it is to end.”

3. Francis L. Cardozo Secretary of State, South Carolina 1868-1873 Treasurer, South Carolina 1873-1877

4. Hiram Revel Hiram Revel First Black Senator 1870, Mississippi First Black Senator 1870, Mississippi Secretary of State 1872-1873, Mississippi Secretary of State 1872-1873, Mississippi

5. James Lynch Secretary of State, Mississippi 1869-1872

6. Blanche K. Bruce U.S. Senator 1875-1881, Mississippi

7. Abolitionists in support of African American suffrage Abolitionists in support of African American suffrage

8. Charles Sumner Abolitionist U.S. Senator, U.S. Senator, Massachusetts 1851 1851

9. Thaddeus Stevens Abolitionist Congressman, Congressman, Pennsylvania 1849-1853 and 1859-1868

10. African American Activists

11. Fredrick Douglass 1817-1895 Abolitionist, orator and writer

12. Booker T. Washington 1856-1915 Activist and Educator

13. Dr. W.E.B. Du Bois Sociologist, Activist, and Co-Founder NAACP The function of the university is not simply to teach breadwinning, or to furnish teachers for the public schools or to be a centre of polite society; it is, above all, to be the organ of that fine adjustment between real life and the growing knowledge of life, an adjustment which forms the secret of civilization.

14. Ida B. Wells 1862-1931 Journalist, advocate of civil rights, women's rights, economic rights, and an anti-lynching crusader.

15. Twentieth Century African American Major Political Leaders

16. Senators

17. Edward Brooke 1919- Senator 1966

18. Carol Moseley-Braun Senator 1993-1999 Ambassador to New Zealand 1999

19. Barack Obama Senator, Illinois 2004

20. Governors

21. Pinckney Benton Stewart 1837-1921 Governor, Louisiana 1872 Congressman 1873

22. L. Douglas Wilder 1931- Governor, Virginia 1990-1994

23. Charles W. Turnbull Governor, US Virgin Islands

24. Black Activists

25. A. Philip Randolph

26. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Until Justice Rolls Down Like Waters And Righteousness Like A Mighty Stream.

27. Rev. Jesse Jackson 1941- Activist, Founder Operation PUSH

28. Rev. Al Sharpton

29. Dr. Cornell West

30. Michael Owens Political Activist and Historian