1. Copyright © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 7 Bar and Beverages The Restaurant: From Concept to Operation, 7th edition Courtesy of David Laxer 1

2. Copyright © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Objectives After reading and studying this chapter, you should be able to: –Explain how to obtain an alcoholic beverage license –Identify factors to consider when developing the design and layout of a bar –List guidelines for suggesting wines to accompany menu items 2

3. Copyright © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Objectives (cont’d.) –Identify a restaurant’s legal liability regarding the sale of alcoholic beverages –List ways in which bartenders and others can defraud the restaurant bar and beverage operation 3

4. Copyright © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Introduction Beverages –Account for 25% to 30% of total sales Higher ratio will attract the Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control or Alcoholic Beverage and Tobacco (ABT) department –Sales yield more profit than food sales –Production cost is less than in the kitchen –Margins are greater 4

5. Copyright © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Alcoholic Beverage Licenses Most common: –On-sale general Authorizes sale of all types of alcoholic beverages for consumption on the premises –Off-sale general Authorizes sale of all types of alcoholic beverages for consumption off the premises in original, sealed containers –On-sale beer and wine Authorizes sale on the premises of beer, wine, and malt liquor 5

6. Copyright © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Alcoholic Beverage Licenses (cont’d.) –Off-sale beer and wine Authorizes sale of beer, wine, and malt beverages for consumption off premises in original containers –On-sale beer Authorizes sale on the licensed premises of beer and other malt beverages with an alcoholic content of four percent or less by weight Roy’s New York City Courtesy of Roy’s New York City. Photo by Paul Warhol 6

7. Copyright © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. How to Apply for a License Two main kinds of alcoholic beverage licenses: general liquor and a beer and wine license Application process can be lengthy –States have jurisdiction over the sale of alcohol –Notices stating that a license has been applied for must be placed in the newspaper and posted in the restaurant window 7

8. Copyright © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Bar Layout and Design A number of factors affect bar location and design: –Type of restaurant –Overall design and layout of the restaurant –Intended prominence of the bar –Number of bartenders required to operate the bar and beverage service –Volume of business expected –Degree of self- sufficiency of the bar Courtesy of the 21 Club 8

9. Copyright © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Bar Layout and Design (cont’d.) –Electric and water supply –Construction costs of providing electric and water supply –Distance to the storeroom and the dispensing system –Location of the beer kegs and cooling equipment 9

10. Copyright © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Front Bar, Back Bar, Under Bar Bar setup is divided into three areas: –Front bar Where the bartender prepares drinks Workstation has storage space for equipment, beverages, speed racks, ice, and glasses –Back bar Used for aesthetics Functions as a storage and display area –Under bar Contains speed rack with common pouring brands 10

11. Copyright © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Placement of a Bar within the Restaurant Bar location –Should be in a location with easy access –To be a highlight, place near the entrance in prominent lighting Seating –Some provide comfortable seating so the customers can relax –Seats placed close together encourage conversation 11

12. Copyright © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 7.1: Roy’s New York floor plan Courtesy of Roy’s New York City. Designed by Arnold Syrop Associates. 12

13. Copyright © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Beverages Restaurants make a higher profit margin on beverages 13

14. Copyright © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Cocktails Cocktails: –Style of mixed drink Mixture of distilled spirits, sugar, water, and bitters –Has come to mean almost any mixed drink containing alcohol Usually contains one or more types of liquor and one or more mixes 14

15. Copyright © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Cocktails (cont’d.) Cocktail categories: –Short drinks: up to 3.5 ounces –Tall drinks: up to 8.5 ounces Factors of a good cocktail: –Balance of the ingredients –Quality of the ingredients –Skill of the bartender 15

16. Copyright © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Spirits Whiskey –Made from a liquid that has been fermented and distilled from grain –Aged, often for long periods –Whiskey from Scotland is called scotch –Most whiskey is blended Bourbon –Now produced mainly from corn –Aged up to six years in charred barrels 16

17. Copyright © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. White Spirits Most common: –Gin: popular foundation of many drinks (e.g., martini, gin and tonic, etc.) –Vodka: made from several ingredients, Predominantly barley, corn, wheat, rye, sugar beet molasses, and potatoes –Rum: dark or light in color Dark: distilled from molasses Light: distilled from fermented juice of sugar cane 17

18. Copyright © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. White Spirits (cont’d.) –Tequila: distilled from the agave tequilana –Cognac: distilled from wine Regarded by connoisseurs as the best brandy –Brandy: distilled from wine Comes from California and South Africa 18

19. Copyright © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Nonalcoholic Beverages Include: –Sodas and juices –Nonalcoholic beers –De-alcoholized wines –Nonalcoholic cocktails (e.g., Shirley temple) –Bottled waters –Power drinks –Coffee –Tea 19

20. Copyright © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Bartenders Top tasks: –Collect money for drinks served –Check ID for legal age –Balance cash receipts –Avoid liability for intoxicated guests –Ensure clean glasses, utensils, and bar equipment 20

21. Copyright © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Bartenders (cont’d.) –Execute beverage orders from staff or guests –Serve wine, sprits, cocktails, and bottled or draft beer –Clean bars, work areas, and tables –Mix ingredients to prepare cocktails and other drinks –Serve snacks or food items to customers seated at the bar 21

22. Copyright © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Basic Bar Inventory Selection depends on the type of restaurant –Example: a trendy upscale restaurant will carry several premium brands Sustainable bars –New concept –May include organic, “biodynamic,” and/or local alcohol 22

23. Copyright © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Wines Fermented juice of freshly gathered grapes –Produced in temperate parts of the world Soil, climate, and cultivation all have a significant impacts Too much or too little of one essential element will mean a poor tasting wine –First categorized by color: red, white or rosé Further classified as light beverage wines, still, sparkling, fortified, and aromatic 23

24. Copyright © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Wine Making Six steps: –Crushing –Fermenting –Racking –Maturing –Filtering –Bottling 24

25. Copyright © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Wine Making (cont’d.) After fermentation –Wine is transferred to racking containers After maturing –Wine is filtered Helps stabilize and removes solid particles (i.e., fining) Wine is then clarified –Adding egg white or bentonite removes impurities as it sinks to the bottom 25

26. Copyright © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Wine Making (cont’d.) Fine vintage wines –Kept for a few years to further mature in the bottle and are consumed at their peak White wines –Mature quicker than red –Often consumed within a few months of bottling Better white wines are aged a few years 26

27. Copyright © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Sparkling Wines Include: champagne, sparkling white wines, and sparkling rosé wines –Sparkling comes from addition of carbon dioxide Naturally produced or infused Champagne –Owes its sparkling quality to a second fermentation in the bottle Called méthode champenoise 27

28. Copyright © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Fortified Wines Include: sherries, ports, Madeiras, and marsalas –They have brandy or wine alcohol added Gives a unique taste Increases alcohol content to about 20 percent –Sweeter than regular wine –Each has several subgroups with a range of aromas and tastes 28

29. Copyright © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Aromatic Wines Fortified and flavored with herbs, roots, flowers, and barks –Can be sweet or dry Known as aperitifs –Normally enjoyed before a meal to stimulate digestive juices 29

30. Copyright © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Wine Tasting Wine tasting can enhance a restaurant’s appeal and help guests enjoy and learn more about wines 30 Richard Gonzmart in his temperature- controlled wine cellar at the Columbia Restaurant in Tampa, Florida, winner of the Wine Spectator Best Award of Excellence and the Award of Excellence from Distinguished Restaurants of North America. Courtesy of Columbia Restaurant

31. Copyright © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Wine Bottles and Glasses Know wine bottles and glasses by their shapes –Bordeaux A –Burgundy B –Champagne C –Mosel and Alsace D –Fortified Wines E Wine glasses are not only drinking tools- proper glasses help you enjoy color, bouquet and taste 31

32. Copyright © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Wine Bottles 32 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

33. Copyright © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Charlie Trotter’s 33

34. Copyright © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. How to Select a Wine List How much budget and space available Wine selection should be appropriate –Naturally, an Italian restaurant will feature wines from Italy Consider varietal type of grape and, most importantly, what’s on the menu –Pairing food with wine is critical to the enjoyment of the meal Wines can either complement or detract from a dish 34

35. Copyright © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. How to Select a Wine List (cont’d) Consider varietal type of grape and, most importantly, what’s on the menu –Pairing food with wine is critical to the enjoyment of the meal Wines can either complement or detract from a dish Layout and format of the menu and wine list 35

36. Copyright © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Wines with Food Guidelines: –White wine: served with white meat—pork, turkey, chicken, veal, fish, and shellfish –Red wine: served with red meat—beef, lamb, duck, and game –Champagne: served throughout the meal –Port and red wine: goes well with cheese –Dessert wines: complement desserts and fresh fruits that are not highly acidic 36

37. Copyright © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Wines with Food (cont’d.) –Dishes cooked in wine: best served with wines of that variety –Regional food: best served with wine of the same region –Wines are best not served with salads with vinegar dressings, chocolate, or strong curries Too strong or acidic 37

38. Copyright © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Responsible Alcoholic Beverage Service Guidelines: –Write a responsible alcohol-serving mission statement outlining your position on drinking and safety –Review local and state liquor laws –Assess the operation’s clientele –Make a plan for developing and maintaining relationships with law enforcement officials and transportation organizations 38

39. Copyright © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Responsible Alcoholic Beverage Service (cont’d.) –Establish a comprehensive program of ongoing staff training –Create a schedule of management audits of policy and practice –Create a system of actions that demonstrate support for responsible and enjoyable drinking Carmel Cafe 39

40. Copyright © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Responsible Alcoholic Beverage Service (cont’d.) Programs should include responsible actions –Example: a trained person at the door to: Check ID’s Discourage patrons from leaving with alcohol Prevent intoxicated patrons from driving –Encourage a “designated driver” program Provide taxi numbers to servers for use with intoxicated guests Encourage food consumption Dramshop laws –Enacted by state legislators tp bring alcohol awareness training to the forefront 40

41. Copyright © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Third Party Liability Owners, managers, bartenders, and servers –Liable if they serve alcohol to minors or intoxicated people Dram shop laws –Legislation that governs the sale of alcoholic beverages 41

42. Copyright © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Third Party Liability (cont’d.) Combating underage drinking –Major brewery distributed a booklet showing the authentic design and layout of each state’s driver’s license Trade associations –Have produced a number of preventive measures and programs aimed at responsible alcohol beverage service 42

43. Copyright © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Controls Liquor inventory –Not properly controlled: can seriously affect the restaurant’s bottom line –It is safe to assume that, given a chance, liquor will be stolen –Institute a weekly or biweekly audit May be done by an outside auditor Outcome is a reduction in smuggling and an increase in net savings 43

44. Copyright © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Controlling Losses Measures: –Limit bar access to bartenders and make them accountable for pouring-cost results –Give incentive bonuses for good results –Require that drink orders be rung into the register before drinks are made –Use a remote system in which servers must ring up the order before it goes to the bartender –Install a surveillance camera 44

45. Copyright © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Controlling Losses (cont’d) –Install an alarm on the bar door –Do not allow bags brought into the bar area –Provide lockers in another area –If bartenders make mistakes, have them written off and signed for by management –Cushion bar floors to reduce breakage –Set up a system that allows employees to report incidents anonymously –Be careful in hiring employees: check references and do background check 45

46. Copyright © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Ways to Steal in a Restaurant or Bar Estimates: –25 percent of employees steal regardless of controls in place –25 percent will not steal regardless of controls in place –50 percent will steal if given the opportunity Practitioners Publishing Company’s Guide to Restaurants and Bars –99 ways to steal in a restaurant or bar 46

47. Copyright © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Coffee must fit the clientele –People tend to like the coffee with which they grew up –Widely traveled people Often prefer stronger coffee –Coffee served in restaurants is a blend Most predominant is mountain grown Coffee and Tea 47

48. Copyright © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Coffee and Tea (cont’d.) General types: –Robust, heavier flavored –Mountain grown, lighter, milder Coffee vendors: –Often supply the restaurant operator with a coffee-making machine Tea and in particular, iced tea –Called the Champagne of the South 48