1. 1. CIRCUIT TERMINOLOGY CIRCUITS by Ulaby & Maharbiz

2. Overview

3. Chapter 1: Circuit Terminology  Electronics  Devices – active vs. passive  Circuits  Systems

4. Cell-Phone Architecture

5. Units, Multiples, Notation

6. Tech Brief 1: Micro- and Nanotechnology

9. Charge & Current  Unit of charge = coulomb

10. Electron Drift Response time = 0.2 microsecond Actual travel time = 10 days!!

11. Current

12. Example 1-1: Charge Transfer  Given: Determine: (a) q(t) (b) Solution:

13. Example 1-1: Charge Transfer (cont.) (b)

14. Voltage & Power

15. Reference/Ground  Choose reference point for potential  Assign potential at reference = 0, called ground  Now all potentials are relative to ground terminal

16. Measuring Voltage & Current  Voltmeter: measures voltage without drawing current  Ammeter: measures current without dropping voltage

17. Open Circuit & Short Circuit  Open circuit: no path for current flow (R =  )  Short circuit: no voltage drop (R = 0)

18. Power Rate of expending or absorbing energy Energy conservation Units: watts One watt = power rate of one joule of work per second. 1 W = 1 A x 1 V

19. Passive Sign Convention

20. Example 1-4: Energy Consumption  Given: Resistor consuming 20 W before switch turned off at t = 0. Also  Determine: Total energy consumed by resistor after t = 0.  Solution: (before t = 0)

21. Circuit Elements: Independent Sources

22. Circuit Elements: Dependent Sources

23. I-V for Sources  Current/voltage fixed for independent sources  What does a non-ideal source look like?  Dependent sources vary with reference voltage/current  What are units for slope?

24. Equivalent Circuit Using Dependent Source

25. Example 1-5: Dependent Source  Given: Determine: Solution: Source is CCVS

26. Tech Brief 2: Moore’s Law

27. Challenges to Continuation of Moore’s Law  Heat dissipation  Size (approaching atomic dimensions)

28. Summary