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1. CIRCUIT TERMINOLOGY CIRCUITS by Ulaby & Maharbiz
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Overview
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Chapter 1: Circuit Terminology Electronics Devices – active vs. passive Circuits Systems
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Cell-Phone Architecture
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Units, Multiples, Notation
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Tech Brief 1: Micro- and Nanotechnology
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Charge & Current Unit of charge = coulomb
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Electron Drift Response time = 0.2 microsecond Actual travel time = 10 days!!
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Current
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Example 1-1: Charge Transfer Given: Determine: (a) q(t) (b) Solution:
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Example 1-1: Charge Transfer (cont.) (b)
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Voltage & Power
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Reference/Ground Choose reference point for potential Assign potential at reference = 0, called ground Now all potentials are relative to ground terminal
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Measuring Voltage & Current Voltmeter: measures voltage without drawing current Ammeter: measures current without dropping voltage
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Open Circuit & Short Circuit Open circuit: no path for current flow (R = ) Short circuit: no voltage drop (R = 0)
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Power Rate of expending or absorbing energy Energy conservation Units: watts One watt = power rate of one joule of work per second. 1 W = 1 A x 1 V
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Passive Sign Convention
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Example 1-4: Energy Consumption Given: Resistor consuming 20 W before switch turned off at t = 0. Also Determine: Total energy consumed by resistor after t = 0. Solution: (before t = 0)
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Circuit Elements: Independent Sources
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Circuit Elements: Dependent Sources
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I-V for Sources Current/voltage fixed for independent sources What does a non-ideal source look like? Dependent sources vary with reference voltage/current What are units for slope?
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Equivalent Circuit Using Dependent Source
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Example 1-5: Dependent Source Given: Determine: Solution: Source is CCVS
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Tech Brief 2: Moore’s Law
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Challenges to Continuation of Moore’s Law Heat dissipation Size (approaching atomic dimensions)
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Summary
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