1. Tolkien Thomas Honegger t.m.honegger@gmx.de

2. http://www. db-thueringen.de/ content/top/ index.xml www. db-thueringen.de/www. db-thueringen.de/

3. Caradhras Angry

4. The Gates of Moria

6. Ennyn Durin Aran Moria: pedo mellon a minno. Im Narvi hain echant: Celebrimboro Eregion teithant i thiw hin. Ennyn Durin Aran Moria: pedo mellon a minno. Im Narvi hain echant: Celebrimboro Eregion teithant i thiw hin. Problem: Why does Celebrimbor (SA) use Moria and not Hadhothrond? Problem: Why does Celebrimbor (SA) use Moria and not Hadhothrond?

7. The Gates of Moria

8. The Watcher

9. Dwarrowdelf

10. Fool of a Took

11. Balin‘s Tomb (2994 TA)

12. Balin‘s Tomb

14. Balin’s Tomb BALIN FUNDINUL UZBADKHAZADDUMU BALIN FUNDINUL UZBADKHAZADDUMU [Here lies] Balin Son of Fundin Lord of Moria [Here lies] Balin Son of Fundin Lord of Moria

15. Khuzdul names of places (Barazinbar = Redhorn = Caradhras; Bundushathûr = Cloudyhead = Fanuidhol; Zirakzigil = Silvertine = Celebdil) names of places (Barazinbar = Redhorn = Caradhras; Bundushathûr = Cloudyhead = Fanuidhol; Zirakzigil = Silvertine = Celebdil) Gimli’s war-cry: Baruk Khazâd! Khazâd ai-mênu! (LotR 557) Gimli’s war-cry: Baruk Khazâd! Khazâd ai-mênu! (LotR 557) ‘Axes of the Dwarves! Dwarves upon you! ‘Axes of the Dwarves! Dwarves upon you!

16. Khuzdul true (‘inner’) names not known to non- dwarves true (‘inner’) names not known to non- dwarves ??what about Balin and Fundin in the Khuzdul inscription on Balin’s tomb?? ??what about Balin and Fundin in the Khuzdul inscription on Balin’s tomb??

17. Khuzdul & other languages Quenya = High-Elvish; based on Finnish, with Greek and Latin elements Quenya = High-Elvish; based on Finnish, with Greek and Latin elements Sindarin = Wood-Elvish; based on Welsh Sindarin = Wood-Elvish; based on Welsh Khuzdul = Dwarvish; intended to sound like Hebrew Khuzdul = Dwarvish; intended to sound like Hebrew

18. Book of Mazarbul

21. The ASC The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle as a historical model for the Book of Mazarbul? The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle as a historical model for the Book of Mazarbul? ASC begun ca. 890 AD (reign of Alfred the Great of Wessex) ASC begun ca. 890 AD (reign of Alfred the Great of Wessex) Year by year entries (sometimes from the creation of the world) down to the most recent events. Year by year entries (sometimes from the creation of the world) down to the most recent events. Copies sent all over England and kept up to date locally. Copies sent all over England and kept up to date locally. Last Peterborough Chronicle entries shortly after 1155. Last Peterborough Chronicle entries shortly after 1155.

22. The ASC Sample Entry 449. Here Martianus and Valentinian succeeded to the kingdom and ruled 7 years. In their days Vortigern invited the Angle race here and they then came here to Britain in three shipy at the place Ebba’s Creek. The king Vortigern gave them land in the south-east of this land on condition that they fought against the Picts. 449. Here Martianus and Valentinian succeeded to the kingdom and ruled 7 years. In their days Vortigern invited the Angle race here and they then came here to Britain in three shipy at the place Ebba’s Creek. The king Vortigern gave them land in the south-east of this land on condition that they fought against the Picts.

23. The ASC Sample Entry 1127. […] Soon afterwards many men saw and heard many huntsmen hunting. The huntsmen were black and huge and loathsome, and their hounds all black and wide-eyed and loathsome, and they rode on black horses and on black billy-goats. This was seen in the very deer-park of the town of Peterborough, […]. 1127. […] Soon afterwards many men saw and heard many huntsmen hunting. The huntsmen were black and huge and loathsome, and their hounds all black and wide-eyed and loathsome, and they rode on black horses and on black billy-goats. This was seen in the very deer-park of the town of Peterborough, […].

24. Leaves from the Book of Mazarbul

25. The last page of Beowulf

26. The Book of Mazarbul We drove out the orcs from the great gate and guard[r]oom and took the first hall: we slew many in the br[i]ght sun in the dale: Floi was killed by an arrow. He slew the great chiefta[in] ……… Floi under grass near Mirrormer[e] ………. We drove out the orcs from the great gate and guard[r]oom and took the first hall: we slew many in the br[i]ght sun in the dale: Floi was killed by an arrow. He slew the great chiefta[in] ……… Floi under grass near Mirrormer[e] ………. Balin is now lord of Moria. Balin is now lord of Moria.

27. Book of Mazarbul

29. The Book of Mazarbul we cannot get out. they have taken the bridge & second hall. fraar & lóni & náli fell dhere bravely while dhe rest retreated to mazarbul. we still hold the chamber but hope [i]z fading now. óins party went 5 days ago but today only 4 returned. the pool [i]z up to the wall at westgate. the watcher in the water tók óin ---- we cannot get out. the end comes són. we hear drums drums in dhe dép.

30. Angerthas Moria Name given to the Alphabet of Daeron sometime after this runic system had become more closely associated with the Dwarves of Moria than with the Elves of Beleriand who had originated and developed it. Name given to the Alphabet of Daeron sometime after this runic system had become more closely associated with the Dwarves of Moria than with the Elves of Beleriand who had originated and developed it.

31. The Bridge of Khazad-dûm

32. The Balrog

37. Gandalf vs. the Balrog “You cannot pass. […] I am a servant of the Secret Fire, wielder of the flame of Anor. You cannot pass. The dark fire will not avail you, flame of Udûn. Go back to the Shadow! You cannot pass.” (LotR 348) “You cannot pass. […] I am a servant of the Secret Fire, wielder of the flame of Anor. You cannot pass. The dark fire will not avail you, flame of Udûn. Go back to the Shadow! You cannot pass.” (LotR 348)

38. Gandalf vs. the Balrog Secret Fire = the divine Life-force of the World and of Ëa, the Universe. Secret Fire = the divine Life-force of the World and of Ëa, the Universe. Anor (Sindarin; Quenya Anar): The Sun. Anor (Sindarin; Quenya Anar): The Sun. Udûn = Sindarin The Pit (Quenya Utumno); name given to the first Realm of Morgoth in the Far North of Middle- earth Udûn = Sindarin The Pit (Quenya Utumno); name given to the first Realm of Morgoth in the Far North of Middle- earth

39. Balrog fallen Maia fallen Maia Tolkien modelled the Balrog upon the Old Norse fire-demon Surt Tolkien modelled the Balrog upon the Old Norse fire-demon Surt cf. his paper (1932 & 1934) on the OE term Sigelwara land (usually translated as the Land of the Ethiopians) cf. his paper (1932 & 1934) on the OE term Sigelwara land (usually translated as the Land of the Ethiopians)

40. Balrog Tolkien: *sigel-hearwa sigel = sun, jewel hearwa = soot Tolkien: *sigel-hearwa sigel = sun, jewel hearwa = soot => sigelhearwa = a kind of fire-giant => sigelhearwa = a kind of fire-giant => lost name for the sons of Múspell => lost name for the sons of Múspell

41. The Balrog

43. Why must Gandalf die? Why must Gandalf die? Why must he die fighting a Balrog? Why must he die fighting a Balrog?

44. On the other side Mirrormere = Kheled Zâram (Khuzdul) in the vale of Azanulbizar Durin I the Deathless (the eldest of the 7 Fathers of the Dwarves) looked into it and saw a crown of 7 stars around his head

45. On the other side

46. Lothlórien

47. Lothlórien

48. Galadriel

49. Galadriel Sindarin for ‘Radiantly-garlanded [crowned]-maiden’; from Quenya Altariel Sindarin for ‘Radiantly-garlanded [crowned]-maiden’; from Quenya Altariel Noldor princess of Tirion Noldor princess of Tirion leader of the Noldor who forsook the Blessed Realm towards the end of the First Age leader of the Noldor who forsook the Blessed Realm towards the end of the First Age at the time of the War of the Ring the mightiest of the Eldar remaining in ME at the time of the War of the Ring the mightiest of the Eldar remaining in ME

50. Galadriel

51. Galadriel sources sometimes confusing sources sometimes confusing said to have been a bitter foe of Fëanor, fought against him at Alqualondë said to have been a bitter foe of Fëanor, fought against him at Alqualondë her desire to leave Aman happened to coincide with the departure of the rebellious Noldor => fell under the Ban of the Valar though she was not to blame her desire to leave Aman happened to coincide with the departure of the rebellious Noldor => fell under the Ban of the Valar though she was not to blame lived with Melian in Doriath lived with Melian in Doriath

52. Galadriel & Celeborn

53. Galadriel married her cousin Celeborn of Doriath, a lord of the Grey-elves and kinsman of Thingol Greycloak (lord of Doriath and husband to Melian) married her cousin Celeborn of Doriath, a lord of the Grey-elves and kinsman of Thingol Greycloak (lord of Doriath and husband to Melian) passed east across the Misty Mountains where they established the realm of Laurelindórenan among the Wood-elves passed east across the Misty Mountains where they established the realm of Laurelindórenan among the Wood-elves

54. Galadriel mother of Celebrian, who is wife of Elrond and mother of Elladan, Elrohir and Arwen mother of Celebrian, who is wife of Elrond and mother of Elladan, Elrohir and Arwen Celebrian 2509 TA captured by orcs, rescued and healed; departed to Aman 2510 TA. Celebrian 2509 TA captured by orcs, rescued and healed; departed to Aman 2510 TA. grand-mother to Arwen Evenstar grand-mother to Arwen Evenstar mother-in-law to Elrond mother-in-law to Elrond grandmother-in-law to Aragorn grandmother-in-law to Aragorn

55. The Function of Galadriel in LotR She represents the benign aspect of the Great Mother – cf. the gift of earth to Sam the Gardener She represents the benign aspect of the Great Mother – cf. the gift of earth to Sam the Gardener Element of ‘courtly love service’ with Gimli Element of ‘courtly love service’ with Gimli => in general the benevolent aspect of the feminine side of characters => in general the benevolent aspect of the feminine side of characters Counterpart: Shelob with her servant Gollum Counterpart: Shelob with her servant Gollum

56. The Dark Side of the Great Mother

57. Galadriel‘s Mirror

59. Galadriel’s mirror “What you will see, if you leave the Mirror free to work, I cannot tell. For it shows things that were, and things that are, and things that yet may be. But which it is that he sees, even the wisest cannot always tell.” (LotR 381) “What you will see, if you leave the Mirror free to work, I cannot tell. For it shows things that were, and things that are, and things that yet may be. But which it is that he sees, even the wisest cannot always tell.” (LotR 381)

60. Galadriel’s mirror “Remember that the Mirror shows many things, and not all have yet come to pass. Some never come to be, unless those that behold the visions turn aside from their path to prevent them. The Mirror is dangerous as a guide of deeds.” (LotR 382) “Remember that the Mirror shows many things, and not all have yet come to pass. Some never come to be, unless those that behold the visions turn aside from their path to prevent them. The Mirror is dangerous as a guide of deeds.” (LotR 382) predestination, foreknowledge, free will, moral guidelines predestination, foreknowledge, free will, moral guidelines

61. Galadriel‘s Mirror

62. Galadriel is put to the test

63. “In place of the Dark Lord you will set up a Queen. And I shall not be dark, but beautiful and terrible as the Morning and the Night! Fair as the Sea and the Sun and the Snow upon the Mountain! Dreadful as the Storm and the Lightning! Stronger than the foundations of the earth. All shall love me and despair!” “In place of the Dark Lord you will set up a Queen. And I shall not be dark, but beautiful and terrible as the Morning and the Night! Fair as the Sea and the Sun and the Snow upon the Mountain! Dreadful as the Storm and the Lightning! Stronger than the foundations of the earth. All shall love me and despair!”

64. Galadriel is put to the test

65. “I pass the test […]. I will diminish, and go into the West, and remain Galadriel.” (LotR 385) “I pass the test […]. I will diminish, and go into the West, and remain Galadriel.” (LotR 385)

66. Galadriel‘s Mirror

67. Galadriel’s Ring

68. Nenya - Ring of Water/Adamant; mithril with a diamond; given by Celebrimbor to Galadriel Nenya - Ring of Water/Adamant; mithril with a diamond; given by Celebrimbor to Galadriel

69. Next time: The Lord of the Rings by Ralph Bakshi