2. CONCUSSION Concussion: A traumatic injury to tissues of the body such as the brain as a result of a violent blow, shaking, or spinning.

3. SIGNS OF A CONCUSSION Headache from the impact Dizziness and Confusion Inability to quickly answer questions about orientation Poor concentration Pupils do not react to light Poor ability to track with eyes Poor depth perception Ringing in the ears Vomiting/Nausea Sleepiness or Grogginess Actions uncharacteristic of individual Clear fluid from nose or ears

4. CANTU GRADING SYSTEM OF CONCUSSIONS GRADE 1 CONCUSSION: No loss of consciousness; post- traumatic amnesia or post-concussion signs or symptoms lasting less than 30 minutes GRADE 2 CONCUSSION: Loss of consciousness lasting less than 1 minute; post-traumatic amnesia or post-concussion signs or symptoms lasting more than 30 minutes but less than 24 hours GRADE 3 CONCUSSION: Loss of consciousness lasting more than 1 minute or post-traumatic amnesia lasting longer than 24 hours; post-concussion signs and symptoms lasting longer than 7 days

5. TREATMENT OF A CONCUSSION As coach reaches the athlete: 1.Check to see if athlete is breathing, has obstructed airway, or is in cardiac arrest. 2.Note the body position of the athlete, movement of body, or lack thereof 3.If athlete appears unconscious: Attempt to arouse athlete by placing your hands on the shoulders, chest, or upper back of athlete and speak loudly directly towards the athlete’s head. 4.Make a mental note of the time to let health care providers know how long unconscious victim has been unconscious 5.Head and neck should be immobilized with another coach or helper holding the head with both hands to stabilize neck 6.Try to determine if there is a pulse and breath. Look, listen, and feel. If athlete is not breathing, but has a pulse… rescue breathing. If athlete is not breathing and has no pulse… begin CPR if trained. 7.If the athlete appears conscious: The airway is most likely open

6. TREATMENT OF A CONCUSSION C – Conscious or Unconscious E – Extremity Strength (test without moving neck) M – Mental Function (if conscious) E – Eye Signs and Movement P – Pain specific to neck S – Spasm of neck musculature DON’T DO THE FOLLOWING Don’t remove the helmet! Don’t move the athlete! Don’t use ammonia capsules! Don’t rush through the physical exam!

7. TREATMENT OF A CONCUSSION C – Conscious or Unconscious E – Extremity Strength (test without moving neck) M – Mental Function (if conscious) E – Eye Signs and Movement P – Pain specific to neck S – Spasm of neck musculature DON’T DO THE FOLLOWING Don’t remove the helmet! Don’t move the athlete! Don’t use ammonia capsules! Don’t rush through the physical exam!