1. ITS LIBERATION AND ITS LIBERATOR

2.  Two major players  Spain  Portugal  Spain  West  Portugal  East

3.  Why?  Spanish government applying restrictions  Inspiration  Haitian Revolution  Criollo  Locally born  Pure or mostly Spanish ancestry

4.  Junta  a small group ruling a country, especially immediately after a coup d'état and before a legally constituted government has been instituted.  a council.  a deliberative or administrative council, especially in Spain and Latin America

5.  The Great Liberator  Military command in New Granada  1821  Campaigns into Venezuela  1822  Campaigns into Ecuador  1821  Gran Columbia formed  Became president  Columbia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Panamma

6.  1824  Peru  Became the dictator  Congress of Upper Peru  August 6, 1825  Republic of Bolivia created

7. Map of Latin America in 1830s

8.  Political military officers  After independence  Created a liberal government  Policy of liberalism could not be sustained  Civil governments fall  Military intervention  Civil rule to authoritarian military rule  Mestizos  European and Native American heritage  Criollo didn’t want their political participation

9.  Lack of middle class  No middle class  No one to uphold liberalism  Those in government an elite  1825  Caudillos took over the government

10.  The British  Controlled the sea routed between Europe and South America  Resisted the threat of the restoration of colonial rule  Obtained raw materials and agricultural produce from Argentina, Chile, Peru and Brazil  Republics imported British manufactured goods  From 1850s British technology used to build railroads and other engineering projects

11.  The Americans  Monroe Doctrine President James Monroe Committed Washington to resisting any European intervention  Using protective traffics to allow for the establishment of its own industries  1890s and onwards America intervened both politically and militarily to preserve their own economic interests