2.  Mood of Americans was restless because of the launching of Sputnik and Long range missiles  John F. Kennedy-Democrat candidate  Richard Nixon-Republican candidate  Sept. 26, 1960 1 st televised debate  Nixon tried to expose Kennedy’s inexperience but Kennedy was favored because of his better speaking ability and looks  As a result, politics become apart of TV  How do you think TV changed the political campaigning process? 1

3.  Martin Luther King was arrested in 1960 for having a sit-in at lunch counter  Nixon and Eisenhower did nothing  Kennedy call King’s wife Robert Kennedy (brother) got King out on bail  Black community supported Kennedy in election  In the past, what political party did minorities usually vote for? Why? 2

4.  Believed Eisenhower didn’t do enough to prevent the USSR from entering into Asia, Africa and Latin America  Flexible Response- Kennedy’s policy of expanding the military to respond to non nuclear threats Created Green Berets (special forces of the Army) Built 3 times more nuclear weapons  Do you think people feared communism more in the 60s or 50s? 3

5.  Jan. 3, 1961 Eisenhower cut off diplomatic relations with Cuba because of the revolutionary leader Fidel Castro  Promised democracy and overthrew the pro-American dictator Fulgencio Batista  Why US disliked Castro 1.Seized 3 oil refineries owned by the US and Great Britain 2. Split up American sugar companies which Americans owned 75% of crop land  How did the US become so involved in Cuba? 4

6.  US replied with an embargo (ban of trade with military force)  Castro turned to the USSR  10% of Cuba’s population left  Bay of Pigs:  In 1960 Eisenhower gave CIA permission to secretly train Cuban exiles to invade Cuba and overthrow Castro  Kennedy agreed with the mission but only found out about shortly after becoming President  What is going to be the reaction of Castro? 5  April 17, 1961 1,300-1,500 Cuban exiles with US military support landed on Cuba’s southern coast called Bay of Pigs

7. Why Bay of Pigs Failed and Effects 1. CIA claimed Cuban air force was knock out 2. A small group of soldiers was to distract Castro’s force but never landed 3. When the main command unit arrived on coast, were met by 25, 000 Cuban troops armed with Soviet tanks and weapons 4. Men killed and imprisoned  Impacts:  Kennedy took blame for the failure  US paid Castro $53 mil. in food and medical supplies to release prisoners  Kennedy promised to resist further communism in the W. Hemisphere  How was containment affected? 6

8.  After Bay of Pigs, Khrushchev promised to defend Cuba with nuclear weapons  Summer of 1962, Cuba received arms and nuclear weapons  US responded that it would not tolerate nuclear weapons in Cuba Oct. 14, 1962 The CIA reported USSR military bases with missiles aimed at the US Oct. 22, 1962 Kennedy informed the nation of the existence of nuclear weapons in Cuba US vouched if Cuba attacked US would attack USSR

9. End of the Crisis  Kennedy called up 100,000 troops in FL and US Navy prevented any more USSR ships to go to Cuba  For 6 days the world waited for the 2 nations to go to war with nukes  Oct. 28, 1962 Khrushchev offered to remove missiles as long as US didn’t invade Cuba  US secretly agreed to remove missiles from Turkey  How do you think the American public felt about the gov’t after this? 7

10. The Impacts on the Leaders  Kennedy Criticized for using brinkmanship Cuban exiles blamed Kennedy for losing Cuba to Castro  Castro Nov. 1962 prohibited anymore Cubans from leaving Will later allow anyone who has family in Miami  Khrushchev seen weak to the Communist party  Event led to his replacement in 1964  How do you think this event affect the Communist Party? 8

11.  By 1961 20% of East Germany’s population fled to W. Berlin  Had weakened E. Germany’s economy  Refugees informed public about the failure in E. Germany  JFK & Khrushchev met in Vienna, Austria June 1961  Khrushchev planned to close off all access roads to W. Berlin to stop people fleeing  Kennedy refused to give up American zone in Berlin  What is the solution to Germany? 9

12.  Aug. 13, 1961, Ex. German troops began building the Berlin Wall  It was a 10 ft wall of concrete with barbed wire fencing on top  After both crisis 1963 JFK & Khrushchev establish a hotline (communication system between the US & USSR)  However, the leaders did agree upon the Limited Test Ban Treaty which prohibited the testing of nukes in the atmosphere