1. Instructions Students will turn in extra credit to their science teacher. The requirements and format is found on the attachment. Some slides consist of activities that the students will perform. Students will take notes from other slides.

2. Protein Synthesis

3. DNA Structure DNA mRNA Protein Transcription Translation

4. Importance of DNA  Heavy drinking can cause errors in DNA  High risk of liver cancer from heavy drinking

5. DNA- What’s all the hype??? Copy down the following questions. Click on the DNA icon at the bottom and answer the questions using the video. 1. What is the purpose of DNA in our bodies? 2. What bases pair up together? 3. What does D.N.A. stand for? 4. Where is DNA located in the cell? 5. What kind of bond links together bases of DNA?

6. Structure of DNA  What is the sugar? Deoxyribose  What are the bases? Guanine, Adenine, Cytosine, and Thymine  What is a base, sugar, and phosphate Nucleotide  What is the shape of the DNA molecule Alpha helix Double stranded

7. Structure of DNA  DNA is made up of Sugars, Phosphates, and Bases  Draw and label the diagram with B, P, and S Bases (B) bind to other bases (B) and sugars (S) Phosphates (P) just bind to sugars (S) Sugars bind to bases (B) and phosphates (P)

8. Structure of DNA BBBBBB B B B B BB SSSSSS SSSSS S P PPPP PPPPP

9. Genes  A gene is a portion of DNA that produces a protein

10. TAKS Question 1 –  If the template of a strand of DNA is 5’ AATGCATC 3’, the complementary strand will be – F. 3’ UUACGUAG 5’ G. 5’ CUACGUAGA 3’ H. 3’ TTACGTAG 5’ J. 5’ AGACGTCTA 3’

11. TAKS Question 1 –  If the template of a strand of DNA is 5’ AATGCATC 3’, the complementary strand will be – F. 3’ UUACGUAG 5’ G. 5’ CUACGUAGA 3’ H. 3’ TTACGTAG 5’ J. 5’ AGACGTCTA 3’

12. DNA Replication DNA mRNA Protein Transcription Translation

13. DNA Replication = Making Copies Why is it important to make copies? 1. List 5 things someone makes copies of 2. For each of the 5 things you listed, state the reason for making copies

14. Why does the cell make copies?  Cells need copies to give to other cells DNA

15. Process of DNA Replication 1. Unzip DNA Strand 2. Addition of Bases, Sugars and Phosphates 3. Creation of DNA Copies

16. Unzipping of DNA Strand  DNA strand unzips with an enzyme creating two parent strands  Draw and label the following on the zipper: Helicase Unwinding Enzyme Bases Sugars and Phosphates

17. Unzipping of DNA Strand  DNA strand unzips with an enzyme creating two parent strands Enzyme Bases Sugar and Phosphate Sides

18. Addition of DNA Parts Another enzyme called DNA polymerase adds: Bases Phosphates Sugars DNA Polymerase

19. End of Replication  When DNA replication is complete, two strands are produced  Each of the two strands are made one old strand (pre- existing strand split by helicase) and one new strand (strand created when nucleotides were added by DNA Polymerase)

20. Transcription DNA mRNA Protein Transcription Translation

21. RNA Structure  Characteristics of mRNA Single-stranded Has ribose sugar (“R” in RNA) Contains bases adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and uracil (U)* *NOT THYMINE; thymine is only found in DNA

22. Transcription- Creation of an mRNA Strand  RNA strand is made like a DNA strand except U is added instead of T C A C A G G T G T C C A C T G G U G U C DNA to DNA DNA to RNA

23.  A segment of DNA called a gene makes messenger RNA (mRNA) because it carries the instructions of how to make a protein.  Each part is expressed in a three base sequence called a codon Purpose of Transcription

24. TAKS Question 2 – Which of these represents the DNA segment from which this section of mRNA was transcribed? A.ACTAAG B.TCUTTG C.GAAUCU D.UCCTGA

25. TAKS Question 2 – Which of these represents the DNA segment from which this section of mRNA was transcribed? A.ACTAAG B.TCUTTG C.GAAUCU D.UCCTGA

26. Compare and Contrast DNA and RNA in a Venn Diagram  Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine, Uracil, Deoxyribose, Ribose, Double Stranded, Single Stranded, Phosphate DNARNA

27. Translation DNA mRNA Protein Transcription Translation

28. Purpose of Translation  Protein is made from mRNA through translation The basic unit of a protein is an amino acid  One amino acid is determined by a set of three bases called a codon.

29. tRNA and Translation  Transfer RNA (tRNA) transfers each amino acid together.  tRNA has the anticodon, which allows it to bind to the mRNA strand. Anti-codon Codon

30. mRNA: AUG CCA UGU AGG UAG Protein: Methionine Proline Cysteine… Using a Codon Chart

31. Interactive Transcription and Translation  Click on DNA picture for transcription and translation practice

32.  Transcription occurs in the nucleus of the cell  Translation occurs outside the nucleus, in ribosomes  Ribosomes contain Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)  Draw a cell and specify the location of transcription and translation Location of Transcription & Translation

33. TAKS Question 3 – Genes contain instructions for assembling – A.Purines B.Nucleosomes C.Proteins D.Pyrimidines

34. TAKS Question 3 – Genes contain instructions for assembling – A.Purines B.Nucleosomes C.Proteins D.Pyrimidines

35. Summary-  Define Transcription:  Define Translation:  Define mRNA:  Define DNA:  Define Protein: DNA mRNA Protein Transcription Translation