1. 8.2 Structure of DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a molecule that encodes the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms

2. 8.2 Structure of DNA DNA is well-suited for biological information storage.

3. 8.2 Structure of DNA DNA is a NUCLEIC ACID This is one of the four carbon-based macromolecules –Carbohydrates (quick energy) –Lipids (energy storage) –Protein (body structure) –Nucleic Acid (DNA)

4. 8.2 Structure of DNA DNA is a DOUBLE HELIX

5. 8.2 Structure of DNA DNA is a chain of nucleotides. –Each nucleotide has three parts. 1. a phosphate group 2. a deoxyribose sugar 3. a nitrogen-containing base phosphate group deoxyribose (sugar) nitrogen-containing base

6. 8.2 Structure of DNA There are only FOUR different nucleotides (bases): –T, C, A, & G DNA alphabet

7. 8.2 Structure of DNA T A C G Nucleotides always pair in the same way. The base-pairing rules: – A pairs with T – C pairs with G

8. 8.2 Structure of DNA The two strands of DNA run in opposite directions to each other and are therefore anti-parallel

9. 8.2 Structure of DNA hydrogen bond covalent bond The bases are connected by hydrogen bonds.

10. 8.2 Structure of DNA Within cells, DNA is organized into long structures called chromosomes

11. 8.2 Structure of DNA chromosomes are duplicated in the process of DNA replication, providing each cell its own complete set of chromosomes

12. 8.2 Structure of DNA Where is DNA kept? Eukaryotes –In the nucleus of each cell Prokaryotes –In the cytoplasm of the cell