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Chemical Bonding Hybridization and Molecular Orbital Theory.

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Presentation on theme: "Chemical Bonding Hybridization and Molecular Orbital Theory."— Presentation transcript:

1 Chemical Bonding Hybridization and Molecular Orbital Theory

2 Hybrid Orbitals

3 Hybrid Orbital Types sp sp 2 sp 3 Hybrid orbitals involving d orbitals are much more complicated and also controversial. Some chemist object to the use of hybrid orbitals to discuss chemical bonding.

4 sp orbitals

5 Bond Types Sigma Bonds  These bonds are inline with the two nuclei involved in the bond. Pi Bonds  These bonds are perpendicular to the radius of the two bonding nuclei.

6 Ethene

7 Double Bonds

8 Triple Bonds

9 Molecular Orbital Theory Molecular Orbitals are new orbitals formed during a bond and belong to the molecule, not the individual atoms. The term used to describe this is delocalized. The number of Molecular Orbitals formed is equal to the number of atomic orbitals combined in the bond.

10 Molecular Orbital Diagram

11 Bonding and Anti-Bonding Each bond results in the formation of two molecular orbitals. One is the Bonding Orbital,  which is lower in energy than the original atomic orbitals. The other is the Anti-Bonding Orbital,  *, which is higher in energy.

12

13 Picturing Molecular Orbitals

14 MOT can be used to represent single, double, and triple bonds.

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