1. Use the SUMMARY OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS handout during this section of notes.

2. 1. The part of the DNA molecule that holds the code for the future protein unwinds and unzips  Nucleotides used in the synthesis of mRNA begin moving towards the coding strand of DNA 2. The mRNA chain is synthesized and is complementary to the coding DNA strand  TRANSCRIPTION

5. 3. The mRNA code moves to a ribosome in the cytoplasm 4. tRNA molecules each possess an anti-codon that aligns opposite the complementary codons on the mRNA strand  Each tRNA brings with it a specific amino acid.

7. 5. The ribosome moves down the mRNA strand TRANSLATION  The ribosome begins to read the mRNA in 3 nucleotide chunks (TRANSLATION) AUG Once it finds the sequence AUG it will begin calling for tRNA molecules to bring amino acids. initiator codon AUG is called the initiator codon terminator codon This will continue until the ribosome reads a terminator codon UGA, UAA, UAG UGA, UAA, UAG

9. 5. The ribosome moves down the mRNA strand  tRNA molecules align in the sequence dictated by the triplet codon on the mRNA  Amino acids from tRNA’s bond together  Empty tRNA returns to cytoplasm to pick up another amino acid  When ribosome reaches the end of the mRNA strand, it falls off leaving behind a number of amino acids that are linked together to form a protein.