1. Contributions of Immigrants to Singapore as a Trading Centre

3. B. Building the Settlement Indian Labourers  From 1824 to 1854, the convict population in Singapore numbered about 3,000.  Important source of labour in early Singapore: cleared jungles, constructed buildings and built roads. Sometimes, they were made to perform tasks such as hunting tigers and dealing with gangsters. Recap: Source B from Historical Investigation

4. From 1825 to 1867, criminals and people banished from India were sent to Singapore. These convicts built roads and well-known landmarks such as St. Andrew’s Cathedral, Sri Mariamman Temple and Government House. They reclaimed land from marshy areas, which created more land for development in Singapore. Adapted from an account by Rajabali Jumabhoy, a prominent Gujerati businessman who arrived in Singapore in 1916. B. Building the Settlement

5. Sri Mariamman Temple in 1890s Why would the building of Sri Mariamman Temple aid traders and settlers in Singapore?

6. Sri Mariamman Temple in 21 st Century

9. Look at this tablet about the early history of Tan Tock Seng Hospital. Who were the main contributors? Social Services such as medical services initially left to private organizations  Most schools often run by clan associations or funded by missionaries and local philanthropists. Provision of Social Services

10. Tan Tock Seng  Helped to provide social services to improve the lives of the people  Built the Chinese Paupers' Hospital Provision of Social Services

11. Tan Tock Seng Hospital

12. Why did the British decide to provide social services? The prosperity of Singapore depended entirely upon its use as a commercial emporium. This use is so gravely threatened by dangerous infectious diseases that other places had begun to impose quarantine regulations against Singapore. His Excellency (the Governor) earnestly urge the Commissioners in Singapore to strengthen their Health Department so as to fight the diseases. Adapted from “Contesting Space: Power Relations and the Urban Built Environment in Colonial Singapore” by Brenda S.A. Yeoh

13.  Death Rate: Very high in the first half of the 19 th Century. Provision of Social Services Singapore’s death rate was higher than that of Hong Kong, Ceylon or India, ranging between 44 and 51 per 1,000. Although large-scale outbreaks of diseases were rare, common killing diseases such as tuberculosis, beri beri and malaria were serious. These diseases were caused by poverty, overcrowding, malnutrition and dirt. There was neither adequate water supply nor a proper system of waste disposal. Adapted from “A History of Singapore, 1819-1988” by Constance Mary Turnbull

14. Provision of Social Services King Edward VII College of Medicine The General Hospital(1925), now known as the Singapore General Hospital

15. Provision of Social Services Recap: Source D from Historical Investigation

16. Singapore Quarantine Station on St John’s Island, 1900 The crowd of people were waiting for their health examination.