1. Early Middle Ages 814-1066 AD

2. Viking Age  Period between 793 and 1066 in Scandanavia and Britain  Located in modern Scandanavia  Word “viking” derives from an old Norse word meaning vik meaning “creek”. So some would believe a Viking,then was a pirate who waited in a creek or bay to attack passing vessels. For others, it describes the people who lived in Denmark, Norway and Sweden

3. Viking Age con’t  They were best known for their raids during the Middle Ages  Media perceived them as savages and blood thirsty people.  http://www.medievality.com/viking- raids.html http://www.medievality.com/viking- raids.html

4. Viking Age con’t  Even though their life was devoted to raiding and warfare, vast majority of Vikings lived from farming, fishing and similar activities  The Vikings were highly skilled crafters and woodworkers  Using Scandinavian trees, they built cargo ships

5. Viking Age con’t  Most important ship that the Vikings made were called Drakkars or Dragon ships.  The ship allowed them to travel as far as Jerusalem and Eastern Asia

6. Viking Age con’t

9. www.youtube.com/watch?v=tgFdvwIh1xo Clip about vikings

10. Viking Law con’t  Common way to solve disputes between two parties was with a duel  First Viking’s blood to touch the ground the ground lost the case  The idea for this was that the Gods were on the victor’s side and they wouldn’t let the innocent lose

11. Viking Law  The word law itself is a Viking word  When Vikings were charged with a crime, they would go to a “ting” court where a jury of 12, 24 or 36 would either convinct and declare him innocent  The size of the jury depended on the nature of the crime

12. Viking Law con’t  This practice continued until Christianity had developed in Scandinavia

13. Viking Law

14. Viking Religion  http://library.thinkquest.org/C003446/a.php? b=9\ http://library.thinkquest.org/C003446/a.php? b=9\  Vikings were most likely Pagan, worshipping many gods and goddesses.  They believed their Gods lived in a place called Asgard

15. Viking Religion  They also had three norns (sacred beings that represented the past, present and future)  The norns predicted the future of both gods and humans and no person could avoid their fate. They also believed the God Odin had handmaidens called Valkyries  http://www.rosala-viking- centre.com/gods.htm http://www.rosala-viking- centre.com/gods.htm

16. Viking Gods  Odin- supreme God of Viking religion lived in a great palace called Valhalla. He was the god of warriors and battle also god of wisdom and poetry  Thor- son of Odin, was more widely worshipped by the Vikings. Very skilled in battle, called his “hammer” Mjollner which destroyed evil creatures. God of Thunder  Frey- god of fertility, marriage, and growing things

17. Odin

18. Thor

19. Viking Religion  http://www.viking.no/e/life/echristianity.htm http://www.viking.no/e/life/echristianity.htm

20. Viking religion con’t  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VpajJBpa _Ow&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VpajJBpa _Ow&feature=related

21. Quick facts  During this period of time, the Norwegian Vikings moved farther west than any other Europeans had before.  Established settlements on Iceland and short- lived settlements in Greenland and Newfoundland which is what we refer to as Canada today  Took thralls(slaves) to the fairs of Lyons on the Rhone River

22. Quick facts  Supplied the huge demand for slaves in the Muslim world  Slave trade represented an important part of Viking commerce.

23. Viking Clothing

24. Viking clothing con’t  Like in most of Europe, wool was the material used to make clothes  Wherever the Vikings settled, they brought sheep with them for this purpose  The clothes were made by women who would also dye them with minerals or vegetables for different colors

25. Viking clothing con’t  The men would wear a long, woolen shirt and long trousers which were help up by a drawstring  If the weather required it, they could wear a long coat  During battles, Vikings used shields, a helmet and a mail chain to protect themselves

26. Viking clothing con’t

27. Green area represents areas of frequent Viking raids throughout 8 th to 11 centuries

28. Magyars and Muslims  Magyars moved westward in Europe during the 9 th century, crossing the Danube by attacking villages, gaining wealth, taking captives and forcing leaders to pay tribute in an effort to prevent looting and destruction  Because of their skill with horses and eastern origins, the Magyars were often identified with the earlier Huns who they conquered.

29. Magyars and Muslims  Magyar forces were defeated by a combined army of Frankish and other Germanic troops at the Battle of Lechfeld in southern Germany around 955AD  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Lechfe ld http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Lechfe ld  The ruler at the time was Geza

30. Magyars and Muslims  Geza who had been a pagan decided to become a Roman Christian  This allowed him to gain support of the papacy and offered prospects for alliances with other Roman Christian rulers against the Byzantine Empire  Stephen I, who was the son of Geza, was crowned king of Hungary by a papal representitive on Christmas Day of 1001

31. Magyars and Muslims  Stephen I supported the building of churches and monasteries  Built up royal power  Encouraged the use of Latin and Roman Alphabet  Hungary’s alliance with the papacy shaped later history of eastern Europe similar to Charlemagne’s alliance with the papacy shaped western European history

32. King Otto I

33.  Was claimed emperor of the Holy Roman Empire in 962 A.D  Created a domestic policy known as the Ottonian System  Sought to strengthen authorities(chiefly bishops and abbots) at the expense of nobles who threatened his power

34. King Otto I  Devoloped three institutions to control the forces that the Churches represented  First institution involved bishops and abbots with symbols in their offices.  Second institution was established in Ottonnian territories involving property churches

35. King Otto I  In German law, any structure built on land owned by a lord belonged to that lord unless a charter conveyed away those rights  By doing this, Otto aggressively reclaimed proprietary rights over many landed churches and abbeys  Abbey is just another word for Christian monastery

36. King Otto I  Third institution involved the system of advocatus.  Advocatus was a secular manager of ecclesiastical estates, who was entitled to a certain share of agricultural produce and revenues.  Was responsible for safety and good work

37. The Holy Roman Empire at Otto's death.

38. Rollo the Viking

39.  The fiefdom of Normady was created in 911 AD for the Viking leader  Along with his allies, he conquered a large region of France

40. Early Dukes of Normady