1. Andy Molina Psychology Period 1
Bipolar Disorder
Andy Molina
Psychology
Period 1

2. Bipolar Disorder: Basic Definitions
Mania Episode
Very active
Hardly sleep
Lasts about a week
Talkativeness
Doing activities/Consequence
Would most likely require Hospitalization
Hypomania Episode
All the crazy with half the impairment
Lasts about four days
Mixed Episode
Mania and depression put together
Difference:
Severity

3. Bipolar Disorder: Basic Definitions/Associated Features
Two poles: Mania and depression
“An intense and very disruptive experience of extreme elation, or euphoria, possibly alternating with major depressive episodes.”

4. Bipolar Disorder: Subtypes Bipolar I And II
Feeling intense excitement that might follow with extreme depression episodes that alternate
Bipolar I exhibits at least Manic Episode, but depressiveness isn’t or wasn’t present
Bipolar II exhibits many depressive episodes,1 hypomania ep., but no manic ep.

5. Associated Features DSM-IV-TR Criteria Bipolar I Single Manic Episode
Presence of only one Manic episode and no Major Depressive Episodes
The Manic Episode is not better accounted for by Schizoaffective Disorder and is not superimposed on Schizophrenia, Schizophreniform Disorder, Delusion Disorder, or Psychotic Disorder Not otherwise Specified

6. Associated Features Bipolar II
Presence (or history) of one or more Major Depressive Episode
Presence(or history) of at least one Hypomanic Episode
There has never been a Manic episode or Mixed Episode
The Manic Episode is not better accounted for by Schizoaffective Disorder and is not superimposed on Schizophrenia, Schizophreniform Disorder, Delusion Disorder, or Psychotic Disorder Not otherwise Specified
The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning

7. Mania and Depression alternation Bipolar
Mixed
Mania and Depression alternation
Bipolar
Mania
Restless
Irritable etc.
Hypomania
Lasts about 4 days and less severe
Depression
Tired, less active etc.

8. Etiology
Biological
Genetics-With one parent 30%/ two = 50%-75%, Multiple genes are involved
Psychological
Feelings of rejection
Neglectful parents(Unstable relationship)
Occupied with need to be loved by others
Use mania as a defensive response to feeling helpless
Behavioral and cognitive
Reduction of positive reinforcement
No incentive
Stressful experiences
Sensitized by early experiences to react in a way

9. Prevalence Bipolar disorder less common Both sex’s 16% in U.S.
Men- Manic
Woman- Depression
People in their twenties
Fraternal twins have a one in five
Misdiagnosis may occur

10. treatment Biological Antidepressants Lithium
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
Severe Cases require ECT
Light Therapy for seasonal depressed people
Sleep deprivation

11. Treatment Psychological Behavioral Therapy Change environment
Reinforcing to seek activities
Giving Homework
Self reinforcement
Cognitive Therapy
Suggestions for Negative thoughts

12. Prognosis Death rates increase
People with Bipolar I/ 10-15% Commit suicide
People with Heart problems
Unpredictable
Treatments
Survival rates increase
Very effective but it is difficult to assume that it works
Sometimes patients need more than one medication

13. References
American Psychiatric Association. (2010). DSM-IV-TR. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association Halgin. R.P. & Whitbourne, S.K. (2005). Abnormal Psychology: clinical perspectives on psychological disorders. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Pan, C. (2012). Ask the doctor... "What are bipolar I and II disorders?" b+s medical. Retrieved from web.ebscohost.com/src/detail?sid=76

14. Discussion
How can the learned helplessness model be associated with Bipolar disorder?