1. Biology Final Exam Review

2. Which types of cells contain both mitochondria and chloroplasts? Plant Cells

3. Out of the four labeled structures, which structure is found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes? Ribosomes

4. Complete the statement. Photosynthesis occurs only in cells with chlorophyll, while cellular respiration occurs in __________. All cells (plant and animal)

5. Is this cell a prokaryote or eukaryote? Why? Eukaryote. It has membrane-bound organelles.

6. Nitrogen affects the growth of plants. If there wasn’t much nitrogen available to plants, what would happen to the plant and in turn to the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere? Less carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere by plants because they aren’t able to grow without as much nitrogen.

7. During the processes of respiration and photosythesis in plant cells, what are the three primary elements that cycle between the mitochondria and chloroplasts? Carbon, phosphorus and nitrogen

8. The maintenance of a stable internal environment is called… Homeostasis Examples:  Sweating  Shivering  Wolves/dogs panting after a chase. This helps them cool down.

9. Why has the amount of carbon dioxide increased over the last 100 years? Use of fossil fuels by humans  Car  Factories

10. Moving substances against the concentration gradient from lower to higher concentration is called… Active Transport

11. Besides chloroplasts, which other organelle provides evidence of the endosymbiotic theory? Mitochondria

12. Plants have a waxy coating on their leaves. Which of the four types of macromolecules is wax? Lipid

13. If an arctic hare (rabbit) eats sedge (a grass-like plant), which is the producer and which is the consumer? Arctic Hare (Consumer) Sedge (Producers

14. The organelle called the ______ digests molecules. Lysosome

15. What would happen to the water cycle without solar energy (the sun)? The water cycle would not occur.

16. Tapeworms are sometimes found in the small intestines of sheep. A tapeworm attaches to the intestinal wall using suckers and then absorbs nutrients from the sheep's intestine. Tapeworms are an example of _________. Parasitism

17. What would happen to wolves (predators) if the population of deer (prey) decreases? The predator/wolf population would decrease over time.

18. The monomer of carbohydrates is ___________. Monosaccharides

19. Amylase, a protein (enzyme) is produced by what part of the cell? Ribosome

20. List the two parts of a virus. Protein coat and genetic material (DNA/RNA).

21. The part of a plant cell that gives it its rigid structure is called the… Cell Wall

22. The process that animals use to convert energy from food into ATP is called… Cellular Respiration

23. Which processes releases oxygen back into an ecosystem? Photosynthesis (by plants)

24. The variety of species on Earth is called… Biodiversity

25. Starch is a carbohydrate. When starch is broken down, the carbohydrate becomes it monomer called… A Monosaccharide

26. Which element is common to all living things? Carbon

27. The movement of molecules across a membrane with the use of energy is called… Active Transport

28. Which process moves materials from a higher to lower concentration? Diffusion (passive transport)

29. The process by which a cell takes in liquids is called… Pinocytosis

30. When a solution has a higher concentration of solutes than inside a cell (causing water to leave the cell) it is called a _______ solution. Hypertonic

31. In which organelle does cellular respiration occur? Mitochondria

32. When molecules move from lower to higher concentration, it is called _________ transport. Active

33. Which process involves molecules moving from high to low concentration with the help of carrier proteins? Facilitated Diffusion

34. When water moves into the cell causing it to swell, it is called a _______ solution? Hypotonic

35. When water leaves the cell causing it to shrink, it is called a _______ solution. Hypertonic

36. Which process allows fish and humans to use their gills and lungs to obtain oxygen for their cells? Diffusion

37. Write the equation for cellular respiration (which happens in both plants and animals). Glucose + Oxygen  Water and Carbon Dioxide

38. During photosynthesis, plants produce large amounts of oxygen. Which molecule is split apart to produce that oxygen? Water (H20)

39. Write the equation for photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide + Water  Glucose + Oxygen

40. List a product of cellular respiration that is a reactant of photosynthesis. Carbon Dioxide

41. Which product of photosynthesis is used as an energy source for all living organisms? Glucose

42. During photosynthesis, light energy is turned into _______ energy and then into useable energy. Chemical

43. Which type of macromolecule is affected by temperature and pH. Hint: An example of this type are enzymes. Proteins Protein shape is affected by temperature and pH.