1. KINGDOM ANIMALIA
Fun stuff!!

2. ANIMALIA : 9 MAIN PHYLA Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminths Nematoda
Annelida
Mollusca
Arthropoda
Echinodermata
Chordata

3. 3 GERM OR CELL LAYERS Ectoderm – outer layer cover
Mesoderm – Muscle & organ layer
Endoderm – Digestive tract

4. PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS IN ANIMALIA

5. PHYLUM PORIFERA Sponges Simple creatures Marine & fresh water
No true tissues, so no organs
No specialized cellular function
Most are Hermaphroditic - perform female & male functions
Can reproduce sexually or asexually
Sessile – do not move
Suspension feeders
If you cut a sponge, it will spontaneously reaggregate back into a sponges

6. ARE YOU SPONGEWORTHY?

7. PORIFERA PHYSIOLOGY
Water flows into the sponge through Porocytes, entering a cavity called Spongocoel
The spongocoel is lined with feeding cells called choanocytes
Choanocytes beat their flagella to create a current that draws water into the porocytes
Ameobocytes – transfer nutrients to other cells of the sponge’s body

8. CNIDARIA Eumetazoans Jellyfish & Corals Radial Symmetry Lack Mesoderm
2 Body arrangements:
Polyp – Asexual, cylinder-shaped, & Attached
Medusa – Sexual, flat, and Roams for food
Use tentacles to capture & eat prey

9. CNIDARIA

10. QUESTIONS Are Cnidarians protosomes or deuterosomes?
How do sponges feed?
What are Choanocytes & what is their function?

11. PLATYHELMINTHS Flatworms Acoelomates Protosomes
Bilaterally symmetrical
Some Cephalization – Formation of head structure
3 Important forms
Flukes – Parasitic & alternate between asex & sex reprod.
Planarians – Free-living carnivores in fresh water
Tapeworms – Parasitic flatworms that tend to live in vertebrates, like humans!!

13. ROTIFERA Pseudocoelomates Bilateral Symmetry Separate mouth & anus
Microscopic
True digestive canal

14. NEMATODA Roundworms Protosomes Pseudocoelomates Bilaterally Symmetric
Some cause Trichinosis
GI illness due to tainted pork

15. MOLLUSCA Snails, slugs, octopus, & squid Protosomes
Coelomates – full digestive systems
Soft body with calcium-containing shell
Bilateral symmetry
Bivalves – Clams and Oysters
Have hinged shells that are divided into 2 parts

17. ANNELIDA Segmented Worm Earthworms & Leaches
Protosome, Bilaterally Symmetrical, Coelomates
Digestive tract is tube-within-a-tube
Hermaphroditic
Blood with hemoglobin
Closed circulatory system
Gas diffusion across skin
Nephridia used for excretion – precursor to kidneys

19. EARTHWORM ANATOMY

20. ARTHROPODA Protosome Coelomate Jointed Appendages
Segmented: head, thorax, & abdomen
Chitinous exoskeleton
May have a larval stage
Open circulatory system
Malphigian tubules – removes nitrogenous waste
Trachea – air ducts, bring air in from the environment
Some have book lungs or gills

22. ECHINODERMATA Sea stars Deuterosome coelomates Sessile or slow moving
Bilateral symmetry as embryo, but reverts to primitive form of symmetry (radial) as an adult
Water Vascular system
Sexual Reproduction – External fertilization
Asexual Reproduction – fragmentation & regeneration
Calcium based endoskeleton

23. ECHINODERMATA PHYSIOLOGY

24. Examples of Echinoderms

25. CHORDATA Deuterosome coelomates Invertebrates & Vertebrates
Vertebrates – possessing backbone
Dorsal Hollow Nerve Cord – forms the nervous system & becomes the Brain & spinal cord
Notochord – Long support rod that is replaced by bone in vertebrates
Pharyngeal Gill slits – functions in breathing or feeding
Tail – Lost in many animals by birth

26. CHORDATES Can be homeothermic (homo – same) or poikilothermic
Homeothermic – maintains consistent body temperature
Birds & Mammals
Poikilothermic – Cold blooded, attain heat from external environment
Iguanas and cold environment

27. COMPLETE THE TABLE Phylum Example Symmetry Coelom -Some Germ Layers
Porifera
Cnidaria
Platyhelminths
Nematoda
Annelida
Mollusca
Arthropoda
Echinodermata
Chordata

28. COMPLETED TABLE Phylum Example Symmetry Coelom -Some Germ Layers
Porifera
Sponge
-----
------ 1
Cnidaria
Hydra
Radial
Platyhelminths
Planaria Bi
Acoelomate P
Nematoda
Pinworm
Pseudo- 2
Annelida
Earthworm
Coelomate 3
Mollusca
Clam
Arthropoda
Insect
Echinodermata
Starfish
Deutero
Chordata
Dog/Human