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Published byEugene Owen Modified over 8 years ago
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Animal Kingdom Invertebrates Animals without a backbone
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All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: Multicellular Eukaryotes No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria Heterotrophs– consumers Have Specialized Cells- unlike protists
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Asymmetry – no symmetry Radial symmetry - can cut in equal halves-more than one way Bilateral symmetry – allows for development of brain region in a central location (head) Body Plans
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Asymmetrical body
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Radial Symmetry
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Bilateral Symmetry
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Has a head (dorsal) end and a Tail (caudal) end. Has a right and left side. Has a front (anterior) and a Back (posterior) side.
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Development of Organisms Develop from a single cell, the zygote Mitosis forms new cell in a process called cleavage A hollow ball of cells are formed called a blastula Gastrulation is the folding in of the blastula to form two layers These two layers are the ectoderm and the Endoderm.
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Ectoderm develops into skin and nervous tissue Endoderm develops into the lining of the digestive tract and organs associated with digestion In some animals the gastrula forms a mesoderm Mesoderm is the third layer and develops into muscles, circulatory, excretory, and respiratory systems Development
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Acoelom- do not have a body cavity, organs are imbedded in tissues Pseudocoelom -(partial) a body cavity partly lined with mesoderm Coelom- a body cavity that provides space for the development of internal organs (something for muscles to push against to move) Body Cavities
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Phylum Porifera PHYLUM: PORIFERA Pore-bearing animals sponges
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Sessile - do not move Asymmetrical No tissue (Only organized cells – 2 cell layers) No mouth Hermaphrodite Porifera Characteristics:
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Body plan: 2 cell layers skeleton of spicules (spines)
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Sexual – release sperm into water (external fertilization very common in aquatic animals) Hermaphroditism – sponges have sperm AND eggs to increase the odds of reproduction Offspring can swim to a new location Asexual fragmentation also possible
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PHYLUM: Cnidarians Stinging cell animals Jellyfish, coral, sea anemonea
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Evolution of Radial Symmetry Extends tentacles equally in all directions (increase food uptake)
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Characteristics: Stinging cells 3 cell layers Mouth, gut for digestion Nerve net throughout body 2 body forms
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Reproduces sexually and asexually Skeleton-none present, but dead coral remains are calcium carbonate
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PHTLUM: Platyhelminthes The flatworms Planeria, tapeworms, flukes
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Characteristics: No coelom – Why? Many are parasitic O 2 and sugar are absorbed in host’s intestine Bilateral symmetry Reproduction-most are hermaphrodites
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Tapeworm
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PHYLUM: Nematoda Roundworms hookworm, heartworms
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Characteristics: Smooth, non-segmented body Pseudocoelom (moves more) Can burrow through skin (walking around barefoot) Also enters through contaminated food
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Bilateral symmetry Complete digestive system with mouth and anus Sexual reproduction. Sexes seperate Oxygen enters by diffusion
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Hookworms, Pinworms, Tapeworms that were removed from a Brazilian boy treated on a Rockefeller foundation mission (early 1900’s) These parasites still affect people all over the globe.
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Roundworms Roundworms Dirofilaria is a roundworm that causes heartworm disease in dogs
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PHYLUM: Annelid Segmented Worms earthworms, leeches, sea slugs
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Characteristics: Bilateral symmetry Full Coelom (full range of motion, complex organs inside) Complete digestion system Most are hermaphrodites with sexual reproduction
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Gets O 2 directly from moist skin closed circulatory system with 5 hearts to deliver Food – blood (leeches), or dirt (earthworms)
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Swallow dirt, filter out food Loosen soil, helps to aerate soil for plants Also fertilizes plants with castings (poop)
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PHYLUM:Mollusks Head-footed animals Clams, snails, squid, oysters, octopus
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Characteristics: Bilateral symmetry Getting food – filter feeders (clams), grazers (snails), predators (slugs) Getting O 2 – gills in aquatic mollusks, primitive lung in snails Open or closed circulatory system
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PHYLUM:Arthropods Jointed legged animals Spiders, insects, crabs, millipeds Four main classes within this HUGE phylum: 1.Arachnids 2.Crustaceans 3.Centipedes / millipedes 4.Insects
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PHYLUM: Echinoderm Spiny Skinned Animal Star fish, sea urchin, sea cucumber
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Characteristics: Radial symmetry Mouth on ventral side of body Marine Reproduction: sexes separate, external, forms pelagic (free-floating) larvae Water vascular system with tube-feet Can regenerate lost body parts
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