1. A. Oyanguren IFIC, UV-CSIC III Jornadas CPAN, Barcelona 2 nd – 4 th Nov. 2011

2. III Jornadas CPAN, Barcelona A. Oyanguren 2  B factories (Belle & BaBar)  Leptonic decays: B , D s   Semileptonic decays: B  D* , V ub, charm  CPV (B, c and  decays)  Rare decays: B  s , B  K, B , B , D , Xc  h  Plans at Super Flavour Factories (Belle II & SuperB)

3. Υ(4s) e+e+ e-e- BaBar p(e - )=9 GeV p(e + )=3.1 GeV  =0.56 Belle p(e - )=8 GeV p(e + )=3.5 GeV  =0.42 B B  z ~ c   B ~ 200  m √s=10.58 GeV Υ(4s) KEKB III Jornadas CPAN, Barcelona A. Oyanguren 3

4. Fantastic performance far beyond design values! In addition to  (4S) also large samples of other  (nS) decays! # of produced  (nS) III Jornadas CPAN, Barcelona A. Oyanguren 4

5.  Weak annihilation processes (helicity suppressed) sensitive to New Physics effects  B   : a charged Higgs could enhance the SM branching fraction: From Lattice QCD calculations: [Lenz et al., PRD 83, 036004 (2011)] by: From semileptonic decays: |V ub |=(3.89 ± 0.44) x 10 -3 f B = 191 ± 3 ± 13 MeV [PDG 2010]  0 = radiative correction ~1%) Motivation: III Jornadas CPAN, Barcelona A. Oyanguren 5

6.  Reconstruct one B meson in hadronic B   D (*) X  or B   J/  X  decays (  tag ~1%)  Look for signal in the recoil: using kinematical and event shape information  Look for extra energy E extra = sum of neutral clusters in the ECM calorimeter  Study Extra using double tag events to control the bkg.  Extract B  from unbinned max. likelihhod fit To E extra : 426 fb -1 3.3  significance BaBar combined: Belle: Experimental method: III Jornadas CPAN, Barcelona A. Oyanguren 6

7. Final measurement of sin2  sin2  from CP measurements in B 0 → cc K 0 Belle, preliminary, 710 fb -1 Tension between B(B→  ) and sin2  (~2.5  ) remains III Jornadas CPAN, Barcelona A. Oyanguren 7

8.  D s  can also be enhanced by a charged Higgs or leptoquarks:  At BaBar D s  e, ,  measured from fully reconstructed events using the recoil mass and the E extra 521fb -1 f Ds calculated by LQCD with small error f Ds = (248.6 ± 2.5) MeV [PRD RC 82, 091103 (2010)] BaBar III Jornadas CPAN, Barcelona A. Oyanguren 8 Agreement with theory

9.  Sensitive to charged-Higgs effects  Involve form factors which can be measured in B  D ( * ) e/  decays  Observables: R(D) and R(D*) ratios SM predictions: R(D) = 0.31  0.02 R(D*) = 0.25  0.02 [Nierste, Trine, Westhoff PRD78 (08) 015066] - can be enhanced by the charged-Higgs (tan  /m H ) - several syst. and theo. uncertainties cancel out Motivation: III Jornadas CPAN, Barcelona A. Oyanguren 9

10. (Improved efficiencies (lepton and Btag))  BaBar: Btag fully reconstructed into hadrons  Bsig: D ( * ) and lepton ( , e)  2D unbinned ML fit m miss 2 -p* (3x4 par.) Yields for: m miss 2 = (p e+e- -p Btag -p D(*) -p ) 2 B  (D 0, D +, D* 0, D* + )  B  (D 0, D +, D* 0, D* + ) B  (D 0, D +, D* 0, D* + )  0 - 4 signal samples: (D 0, D +, D* 0, D* + ) (to extract B  D ( * )  ) - 4 control samples: (D 0, D +, D* 0, D* + )  0 (to derive D** bkg)     e e  R(D) and R(D*) Experimental method: 426 fb -1 Large signal significance (>5  ) for all channels III Jornadas CPAN, Barcelona A. Oyanguren 10

11. Results (preliminary): R(D) = 0.456  0.053  0.056 R(D*)= 0.325  0.023  0.027 1.8  larger than SM prediction  favors large tan  Comparison with previous results: (w/o 2011) SM predictions: R(D) = 0.31  0.02 R(D*) = 0.25  0.02 SM III Jornadas CPAN, Barcelona A. Oyanguren 11

12.  Charmless semileptonic decays allow us to V ub measure V ub (upper UT vertex)  Two different experimental methods: - Inclusive: high stat. but much bkg: use kinematic cuts: Theory: Shape function from QCD - Exclusive: final meson ( , ,  …): low stat. but better bkg rejection. Theory: Form factors from QCD B  X = B  X c + B  X u (50 : 1)  Challenge: suppress charm background B  X B  X B  X u B  X u III Jornadas CPAN, Barcelona A. Oyanguren 12 E, q 2, M X and P + = E X -|p X | Motivation:

13. V ub extraction: BNLP: [Bosch et al., PRD 72 (05) 073006] DGE: [Andersen et al., JHEP 0601 (06) 097] GGOU: [Gambino et al., JHEP 0710 (07) 058] ADFR: [Aglietti et al., EPJ. C 59 (09) 831]  B  X c bkg and B  X u signal yields |V ub |= (4.31  0.25 exp  0.16 theo )10 -3 Average: [to be submitted to PRD] III Jornadas CPAN, Barcelona A. Oyanguren 13 426 fb -1  B(B  X u )= 1.80 (13) (15) x 10 -4 ++ -- D0D0 -- K+K+ XuXu B0B0 B0B0  (4S) Signal side Tag side  At BaBar, Btag fully reconstructed hadronically (  ~0.3-0.5%) +  or e from the Bsig  estimated from missing E and p  Bkg supression:  Several PS regions, 2D fit for  B(B  X u )/B(B  X ) in q 2 -M x for p * > 1GeV  X u from all remaining tracks and neutral clusters Experimental Method: - Combinatorial subtracted from m ES - Charm: B  D* partial reconstructed kaon veto, only 1 lepton p * > 1 GeV BaBar

14.  ’   The exclusive B semileptonic decay rate is described as function of form factors: QCD calculations: Lattice data III Jornadas CPAN, Barcelona A. Oyanguren 14

15. |V ub | = (3.19 ± 0.14 ± 0.27) x10 -3 (V. Luth, J. Dingfelder)  BaBar, untagged analyses  Loose reconstruction from full event  Fit using  E = (P B P beams- – s /2)/  2, m ES = [(s/2 + p B p beams- ) 2 /E 2 beams - p 2 B ] and q 2 = (p + p ) 2 = (p B - p  ) 2 (in 12 or 6 bins) PRD 83 (2011) 052011 PRD 83 (2011) 032007 Fit to BaBar + Belle + LQCD B (B  e ) = 1.49 (4) (7) x 10 -4 B (B  e ) =1.41 (5) (7) x 10 -4 B(B  e )= 1.42 (5) (7) x 10 -4 III Jornadas CPAN, Barcelona A. Oyanguren 15 BaBar: Belle: [arXiv:1012:0090]  Background suppression by cuts or Neural Net

16.  Exclusive: |V ub | = (3.19 ± 0.14 ± 0.27) x 10 -3 (V. Luth, J. Dingfelder)  Inclusive: |V ub | = (4.34 ± 0.13 ± 0.15) x 10 -3 (V. Luth, [NS61CH06-Luth]) III Jornadas CPAN, Barcelona A. Oyanguren Inclusive |V ub |  Exclusive |V ub | >2  difference since many years ago New Physics contribution? (RH currents modification) and V ub from B  larger than for B 

17.  Charm semileptonic decays allow to measure form factors in the charm sector, validating LQCD methods  increase theory precision involving B decays  trust LQCD calculations ensuring possible New Physics signs  Several charm semileptonic channels have been studied at BaBar from e + e -  cc using a partial reconstruction technique: D  Ke, D s  KKe, D +  K  e published D  e (soon)  can be related to B  e  access to V ub Kronfeld plot, N. Simone: FERMILAB-CONF-10-594-T Example: the leptonic constant f Ds : f Ds puzzle: exp  theo  contribution from a charged Higgs? >3  !?! III Jornadas CPAN, Barcelona A. Oyanguren 17

18.  Quite precise form factor measurements from BaBar  need LQCD improvements D s  e D s  e D 0  K - e + D 0  K - e + D +  K*e + D +  K*e + 214 fb -1 75 fb -1 348 fb -1 BaBar r 2 =A 2 (0)/A 1 (0)r v =V(0)/A 1 (0) Experiments III Jornadas CPAN, Barcelona A. Oyanguren 18 f K + (q 2 ) [PRD 76, 052005 (2007)] A 1 (q 2 ), A 2 (q 2 ), V(q 2 )  [PRD 78, 051101(R) (2008)] [PRD 83, 072001 (2011)]

19. A. Oyanguren 19 Motivation: CP violation discovered ~50 years ago observing the decay K L → π + π - In the SM CPV arises from the not vanishing phase of the CKM matrix New Physics can induce additional FCNC and CP-violating phases Many observations of CPV processes in the last decade in the beauty and strange sectors  Global consistency with SM predictions No observation yet of CPV effects in the charm sector No observation yet of CPV effects in the lepton sector The CKM matrix III Jornadas CPAN, Barcelona

20. A. Oyanguren 20 III Jornadas CPAN, Barcelona Motivation:  Direct CP violation in D decays arises through interference between:  In the SM is CKM suppressed O(10 -3 ) or less: V cs   New Physics can increase or reduce the effect: - e.g. additional CP phase from charged Higgs boson  Current experimental sensitivity O(10 -3 )  SCS decays are more likely to show the effect if present [PRD 75, 036008 (2007)] [PRD 51, 003478 (1995)] [hep-ph/0104008 (2001)]

21. A. Oyanguren 21 III Jornadas CPAN, Barcelona Experimental method:  Due to CPV in mixing in the kaon sector, the direct CP asymmetry for D +  K s  +  At BaBar: signal yields from likelihood fit to m(  + K 0 s ), with selection based on a Boosted Decision Tree with 7 variables:  807K D ± signal events  Measure Forward-Backward asymmetry Detector charge asymmetry  Data-driven method to correct for A  o Use tracks from e + e -  (4S)  BB decays (isotropic in rest frame) to map the ratio of  + /  - detection efficiencies o Offset on A CP  +0.05% [hep-ph/0104008 (2001)] is expected to be

22. A. Oyanguren 22 III Jornadas CPAN, Barcelona  Use data-driven method to extract A FB, and A CP in bins of polar angle Consistent with SM (-0.332±0.006)% [PRD 83, 071103(R) (2011)]  At Belle D 0  K S  0, tag D flavour with the D* decay [PRL106, 211801 (2011)] D+Ks+D+Ks+ A CP = -0.28  0.19  0.10

23. A. Oyanguren 23 III Jornadas CPAN, Barcelona  A deviation of the measured A CP from A CP SM would be a hint of New Physics o e.g. an additional CP violating phase from an exotic charged Higgs boson Can consider  -  - K s (>=0  0 )  since  0 s are not expected to change the asymmetry [Bigi and Sanda, PLB 625, 47 (2005)] [PLB 398, 407 (1997)] Tree   u WW d s d  K0K0  Search for direct CP violation in tau decays:  -  - K s  Motivation:  within the SM, due to the K s presence, the asymmetry:  CP violation not yet observed in the lepton sector is expected to be (same argument than for D  K s  decays)

24. A. Oyanguren 24 III Jornadas CPAN, Barcelona Experimental method:  Reconstruct from continuum  -  - K s (>=0  0 )  (up to 3  0 s )  Reconstructed hadronic mass < 1.8 GeV (rejects qq bkg)  Electron and muon tags with p * > 4 GeV (reduce bkg from non-  -pairs) Invariant mass of the hadronic final state (0  0 s )  Remaining background further reduced using information of:  qq events: visible energy, number of neutral clusters, thrust, total transverse momentum  Fake K 0 s : displaced vertex, invariant mass, momentum and polar angle of the K 0 s candidate 340k events

25. A. Oyanguren 25 III Jornadas CPAN, Barcelona Experimental method:  Measured raw A CP value (after subtraction of qq background and non-K 0 s  decays) has to be corrected by: o Different nuclear reaction cross-section of K 0 and K 0 with material detector o (0.14±0.03)% for e-tag, (0.14±0.02)% for  -tag o Errors include uncertainties from kaon-nucleon cross-sections and isospin o Dilution from background modes including K 0 s  Result:  3  from the SM prediction SourceFraction e-tag (%) Fraction  -tag (%) SM expected A CP  -  - K 0 S (  0  0 )  78.4 ± 4.077.4 ± 4.0(0.33±0.01)%  -  K - K 0 S (  0  0 )  4.2 ± 0.34.0 ± 0.3 (  0.33±0.01)%  -  - K 0 K 0 (  0  0 )  15.6 ± 3.715.7 ± 3.70 [Preliminary, submitted to PRD-RC arXiv:1109.1527] Systematic uncertainties

26. A. Oyanguren 26 III Jornadas CPAN, Barcelona  Many such decays are dominated by b  s penguins o Tree amplitudes subdominant in SM o Time-dependence and FSI (intermediate states) allow to measure the CKM angles  New Physics can change CP asymmetries, BRs and polarizations in B  VV decays  Use kinematic constraints from beam energies  Event shape variables combined into a linear (Fisher) or non linear (NN) combination. Tagging (other “B”) information often used Tree Penguin Apply selection to reject continuum as variable in ML fit Motivation: Experimental method:

27. A. Oyanguren 27  A K  = A CP (K   ) - A CP (K  ) Update the 2008 result with the full data set and improved reconstruction - ~2x more data preliminary  A K  = +0.112 ± 0.028 @4  Belle preliminary:  Direct CP violation difference in B  K +  - and K +  0 at Belle 772 M BB III Jornadas CPAN, Barcelona

28. A. Oyanguren 28  Direct CP violation difference in B 0  K +  -  0 and B +  K +  0  0 at BaBar III Jornadas CPAN, Barcelona  Perform ML fit with m ES and NN, and for K +  -  0 only, also  E and Dalitz plot  For B 0  K +  -  0 o BF(B 0  K +  -  0 ) = (38.5 ± 1.0 ± 3.9)  10 -6 o A CP (K *+  - ) = -0.29 ± 0.11 ± 0.02 o When combined with B 0  K s  +  - :  For B +  K +  0  0 o First inclusive measurement o Measure resonances in a two-body fashion o 10  significance DecayN signal BF(  10 -6 ) A CP B+K+00B+K+00 7427 ±518 16.2 ±1.2±1.5  0.06 ±0.06 ±0.04 B +  K* +  0 1078 ±197 8.2 ±1.5±1.1  0.06 ±0.24 ±0.04 B +  f 0 (  0  0 )K + 1186 ±241 2.8 ±0.6±0.5  0.18 ±0.18 ±0.04 B +  c0 K + 245 ±105 182 ±78±32±8  0.96 ±0.37 ±0.04 [PRD 83, 112010 (2011)] 454x10 6 BB pairs 471x10 6 BB pairs 3.1  evidence for direct CPV A CP (K *+  - ) = -0.24 ± 0.07 ± 0.02 A CP (K *+  0 ) = -0.06 ± 0.24 ± 0.04 Preliminary

29. A. Oyanguren 29 III Jornadas CPAN, Barcelona  Most of LFV and LNV X c  h BF ULs down by 1 order of magnitude (10 -6 )  B  : Belle: fully reco tag + nothing in the signal side  B  K : BaBar: semileptonic tag + K and 2 in the signal side [PRD 82, 112002 (2010)]  B  (s+d)  : BaBar: semileptonic tag + 1  in the signal side: A CP = 0.056 ± 0.060 ± 0.018 (SM)  B  : BaBar: upper limit (UL) lowered by a factor 2: BR< 3.2 x 10 -7 @ 90% CL  D  : BaBar: BR< 2.4 x 10 -6 @ 90% CL BR< 1.3 x 10 -4 @ 90% CL (BaBar: BR< 2.2 x 10 -4 )  Rare processes are quite sensitive to New Physics effects x10 -5 B  :D 

30. A. Oyanguren 30 III Jornadas CPAN, Barcelona  Physics: Sensitivity B(   ) ~ 10 -9, B(  )~10 -10, B(  h)~10 -10 Charm Physics: Precision CP parameters: (K  ) (~10 -5 ), sensitivity FCNC: D  (h) (~10 -8 ) B Physics: Precision B  K (~20%), B  ( ~ 4% ), B  ( ~ 5% ), B  D  ( ~ 2% ), A CP (b  s  ) ( ~ 0.002 ), V ub ( ~ 2% ) SuperB, Frascati (Italy)Belle-II, Tsukuba (Japan)  Two new facilities aiming to an integrated luminosity of 50-75ab -1 around 2020  Approved, major upgrade at KEK in 2010-14 SuperKEKB+Belle II, construction started  Approved, build a new tunnel, upgrade PEP-II and BaBar, quickly ramping up

31. A. Oyanguren 31 III Jornadas CPAN, Barcelona

32.  B  D ( * )   V ub  Charm Semileptonic form factors Improved measurements at BaBar Despite the experimental and theoretical efforts the discrepancy between exclusive and inclusive measurements remains: what does it means? what don’t we understand? Quite precise results from BaBar for D  Ke, D s  e, D  K*e, form factors allow to check QCD methods: need LQCD improvements B  D 0  and B  D +  more than 5  significance R(D ( * ) ) exceed by 1.8  the SM values  favors large tan  |V ub | excl. = (3.19 ± 0.14 ± 0.27) x 10 -3 |V ub | incl. = (4.34 ± 0.13 ± 0.15) x 10 -3 III Jornadas CPAN, Barcelona A. Oyanguren 32

33. V CKM V CKM = VudVusVub VcdVcsVcb VtdVtsVtb B and charm semileptonic decays are tree level processes New Physics contributions can only be seen:  in semileptonic decays involving  leptons:  by comparing CKM matrix elements in leptonic and semileptonic decays coupling ~ m b m  tan  2 Note: Must control (by measuring) QCD effects (form factors) involving CKM matrix elements:  B  D (  )   V ub : Inclusive B  X u, exclusive B    V ub : Inclusive B  X u, exclusive B    Charm semileptonic decays 0.0406(13) 0.00389(44) 1.023(36)0.230(11) PDG10 III Jornadas CPAN, Barcelona A. Oyanguren 33

34. Analysis procedure:  Partial reconstruction method; e + e -  cc; only electrons  D* tag in case of D  Ke, no tag for D s or D + decays  Compute the D (s) direction from all tracks  signal tracks  q 2 and angular distributions: kinematic fit with signal tracks momenta and missing energy information  Background suppression using event shape and topological variables  Background control, test of the analysis technique and the normalization are obtained from hadronic data samples (ex: D  K , D  K  ) III Jornadas CPAN, Barcelona A. Oyanguren 34

35. (isospin) Fit results (preliminary):  large signal significance (> 5  ) for all channels Systematics (preliminary): - Selection cuts: ~6%(D*),~9%(D) - D** fitted in D ( * )  0 samples: ~4%(D*), ~5%(D) III Jornadas CPAN, Barcelona A. Oyanguren 35

36. Summary of V ub measurements:  Exclusive: (V. Luth, J. Dingfelder)  Inclusive: |V ub | = (3.19 ± 0.14 ± 0.27) x10 -3 |V ub | = (4.34 ± 0.13 ± 0.15) x 10 -3 (V. Luth, [NS61CH06-Luth]) III Jornadas CPAN, Barcelona A. Oyanguren 36

37. III Jornadas CPAN, Barcelona A. Oyanguren 37

38. III Jornadas CPAN, Barcelona A. Oyanguren 38 (fits from J.Dingfelder and V. Luth) BaBar combined result: BaBar Fit to BGL BaBar fit to BGL including Lattice data points (  B : LCSR q 2 < 12GeV 2, LQCD q 2 > 16GeV 2 ) LCSR Lattice  Small event overlap of B 0  - (<1%)  Uncorrelated statistical uncertainties  Highly correlated systematics

39.  BaBar data samples: 423 fb -1, 349 fb -1 Analyses procedure:  Untagged analyses (high stat., more bkg.), e +   Loose reconstruction from full event (p = p beams -  p i )  2D or 3D fit  E = (P B P beams- – s /2)/  2, m ES = [(s/2 + p B p beams- ) 2 /E 2 beams - p 2 B ] ½ q 2 = (p + p ) 2 = (p B - p  ) 2  q 2 in 12 or 6 bins PRD 83 (2011) 052011 to extract the signal yield PRD 83 (2011) 032007  Background suppression by cuts or NN III Jornadas CPAN, Barcelona A. Oyanguren 39

40. Analysis procedure:  Partial reconstruction method; e + e -  cc; only electrons  D* tag in case of D  Ke, no tag for D s or D + decays  Compute the D (s) direction from all tracks  signal tracks  q 2 and angular distributions: kinematic fit with signal tracks momenta and missing energy information  Background suppression using event shape and topological variables  Background control, test of the analysis technique and the normalization are obtained from hadronic data samples (ex: D  K , D  K  ) III Jornadas CPAN, Barcelona A. Oyanguren 40

41. Fit results: V ub extraction: BNLP: [Bosch et al., PRD 72 (05) 073006] DGE: [Andersen et al., JHEP 0601 (06) 097] GGOU: [Gambino et al., JHEP 0710 (07) 058] ADFR: [Aglietti et al., EPJ. C 59 (09) 831]  Most precise result : 2D fit q 2 -M x for p * > 1 GeV  Fit for B  X c bkg and B  X u signal yields B  X u 1441  102 data X u X c |V ub |= (4.31  0.25 exp  0.16 theo )10 -3 Average: B  X u [to be submitted to PRD] III Jornadas CPAN, Barcelona A. Oyanguren 41