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Unifying the Geometry of General Relativity with the Virtual Particle Nature of Quantum Electrodynamics John R. Laubenstein IWPD Research Center Naperville, Illinois Tel: 630-428-9842 Email: jrlaubenstein@iwpd.org www.iwpd.org American Physical Society 2007 March Meeting Denver, Colorado
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We pose the question: What if the universe is not best described by points – but, rather as two-dimensional rings that have been expanding since the origin of space and time?
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This results in no conceptual change to Spacetime, but rather simply a change in the way we describe Spacetime.
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The basic concept of String Theory is projected beyond the Planck Scale to the Macro-World One spatial dimension is expressed through two-dimensional rings (or rods) and not as points Time is measured through the expansion of these rings (or rods).
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This ring has been dubbed as the “ Energime ” The properties of the energime are manifested in one of three fundamental quantum values:
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The Equivalence of Time and a Spatial Dimension through 2D “Rods” or “Rings” (a) (b) (c) (a) Light cone with dashed lines showing passage of time (b) Cylinder defined by two-dimensions of space and “time-lines” (c) Geometric conversion of the surface area of a cylinder to a sphere depicting a 2-dimensional space defined by points (blue) and a third dimension manifested as rings and representing both the evolution of a spatial dimension and the passage of time
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Two-Dimensional Surface with Rods Defining both a Spatial Dimension and Time
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Each Rod Defines a Space on the 2D Space Grid
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Rotating the 2D Surface
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Two-Dimensional Space Grid (2DSG) with rods extended outward from the planar surface defining both the 3 rd spatial dimension along with the passage of time
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Energime Field Associated with Massive Object
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Distortion of Flat Space due to Massive Object
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Changing energime field Massive Object
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Gravitational Force Determined by a change in scale (gauge) between the Background Energime Field (BEF) and a Local Energime Field (LEF).
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This change in scale can be equivalently viewed as: The “warping” of space and spacetime The transfer (emission and absorption) of a quantum particle (energime)
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The “warping” of space and spacetime LEF BEF Velocity
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Quantitatively: From Infinity BEF = Unity (by definition) LEF BEF Velocity
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Quantitatively: Between any Two Points
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Quantitatively: The Velocity of an Object in a Gravitational Free Fall
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The Velocity Equation is based on the Geometry of Space and Spacetime LEF BEF Velocity
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The transfer (emission and absorption) of a quantum particle (energime) LEF BEF Energy and Momentum Space and Spacetime remain flat
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Quantitative: The Addition of Energy (Mass) from a Gravitating Object BEF Energy = Unity LEF BEF Energy (mass) and Momentum
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Quantitative: The LEF Momentum Due to a Gravitating Object LEF BEF Energy (mass) and Momentum BEF Momentum = 0
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The Emission and Absorption of a Force- Transmitting Particle LEF BEF Energy (mass) and Momentum The energy gain and momentum of a free falling mass is determined exactly by the LEF Energy and LEF Momentum absorbed from the field resulting in the velocity of an object in flat space and spacetime
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Geometry LEF BEF Velocity due to the absorption of Energy and Momentum from the Field Particle LEF BEF Velocity
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Gravity and Electrostatic Force Gravity is due to the propagation of a real particle (energime) and is always attractive Electrostatic Force is propagated through a “virtual” particle that emits and absorbs energy and momentum creating both an attractive and repulsive force
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Electrostatic Force The only other allowable force mitigating particle with an infinite reach has a mass of
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K represents a proportionality constant for the given force field and is equal to: Gravitational ForceElectrostatic Force
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Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) Force is propagated through the exchange of virtual photons The path of these photons can be any one of an infinite number of paths
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Cosmological Accomplishments of Energime Theory 14.2 Billion Years: predicted age of the universe Dark Energy: provides a physical explanation through the emission of free energimes that expand vacuum Accelerated Rate of Expansion: free energime emission predicts an acceleration rate in agreement with observation
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Final Thought Is it possible that the universe is not best described by points – but, rather with ever expanding energime rings that change the way we describe Spacetime? John R. Laubenstein IWPD Research Center Naperville, Illinois Tel: 630-428-9842 Email: jrlaubenstein@iwpd.org www.iwpd.org American Physical Society 2007 March Meeting Denver, Colorado
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