1. CHAPTER 16 Cost Allocation: Joint Products and Byproducts

2. 16-2 To accompany Cost Accounting 12e, by Horngren/Datar/Foster. Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education. All rights reserved. Joint Cost Terminology Joint Costs – costs of a single production process that yields multiple products simultaneously Splitoff Point – the place in a joint production process where two or more products become separately identifiable Separable Costs – all costs incurred beyond the splitoff point that are assignable to each of the now- identifiable specific products

3. 16-3 To accompany Cost Accounting 12e, by Horngren/Datar/Foster. Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education. All rights reserved. Joint Cost Terminology Main Product – output of a joint production process that yields one product with a high sales value compared to the sales values of the other outputs Joint Products – outputs of a joint production process that yields two or more products with a high sales value compared to the sales values of any other outputs

4. 16-4 To accompany Cost Accounting 12e, by Horngren/Datar/Foster. Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education. All rights reserved. Joint Cost Terminology Byproducts – outputs of a joint production process that have low sales values compare to the sales values of the other outputs

5. 16-5 To accompany Cost Accounting 12e, by Horngren/Datar/Foster. Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education. All rights reserved. Joint Process Flowchart

6. 16-6 To accompany Cost Accounting 12e, by Horngren/Datar/Foster. Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education. All rights reserved. Reasons for Allocating Joint Costs Required for GAAP and taxation purposes Cost values may be used for evaluation purposes Cost-based contracting Insurance settlements Required by regulators Litigation

7. 16-7 To accompany Cost Accounting 12e, by Horngren/Datar/Foster. Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education. All rights reserved. Joint Cost Allocation Methods Physical Measures – allocate using tangible attributes of the products, such as pounds, gallons, barrels, etc. Market-Based – allocate using market- derived data (dollars): 1. Sales value at splitoff 2. Net Realizable Value (NRV) 3. Constant Gross-Margin percentage NRV

8. 16-8 To accompany Cost Accounting 12e, by Horngren/Datar/Foster. Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education. All rights reserved. Sales Value at Splitoff Method Uses the sales value of the entire production of the accounting period to calculate allocation percentage Ignores inventories

9. 16-9 To accompany Cost Accounting 12e, by Horngren/Datar/Foster. Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education. All rights reserved. Sales Value at Splitoff Example

10. 16-10 To accompany Cost Accounting 12e, by Horngren/Datar/Foster. Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education. All rights reserved. Net Realizable Value Method Allocates joint costs to joint products on the basis of relative NRV of total production of the joint products NRV = Final Sales Value – Separable Costs

11. 16-11 To accompany Cost Accounting 12e, by Horngren/Datar/Foster. Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education. All rights reserved. NRV Example

12. 16-12 To accompany Cost Accounting 12e, by Horngren/Datar/Foster. Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education. All rights reserved. Constant Gross Margin NRV Method Allocates joint costs to joint products in a way that the overall gross-margin percentage is identical for the individual products Joint Costs are calculated as a residual amount

13. 16-13 To accompany Cost Accounting 12e, by Horngren/Datar/Foster. Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education. All rights reserved. Sell-or-Process Further Decisions In Sell-or-Process Further decisions, joint costs are irrelevant. Joint products have been produced, and a prospective decision must be made: to sell immediately or process further and sell later Joint Costs are sunk Separable Costs need to be evaluated for relevance individually

14. 16-14 To accompany Cost Accounting 12e, by Horngren/Datar/Foster. Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education. All rights reserved. Sell-or-Process Further Flowchart

15. 16-15 To accompany Cost Accounting 12e, by Horngren/Datar/Foster. Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education. All rights reserved. Byproducts Two methods for accounting for byproducts Production Method – recognizes byproduct inventory as it is created, and sales and costs at the time of sale Sales Method – recognizes no byproduct inventory, and recognizes only sales at the time of sales: byproduct costs are not tracked separately

16. 16-16 To accompany Cost Accounting 12e, by Horngren/Datar/Foster. Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education. All rights reserved. THE END CHAPTER 16 and ACCT 303 POWERPOINTS