1. TuTh – 4:00-5:15 Psych 241 – Methods Lab section 03

2. Quiz Absences: Don’t miss more than four. Try not to miss any, of course!

3. Do Words Really Interfere in Naming Pictures? Title: Clear, concise, and interesting! Abstract: Is this article something worth reading? What was the basic idea and finding of this research? Introduction: Why did they do this research? What do we already know about this topic, and what do we not know?

4. Do Words Really Interfere in Naming Pictures? Introduction Questions: What does the author say is wrong with the previous study by Rosinski, Golikoff, and Kukish (1975)? They did not look at how quickly students could label pictures without any words. How did Stroop, in his original study, control for this problem? Stroop used as a control (non-word) condition naming color swatches (blocks of color).

5. Do Words Really Interfere in Naming Pictures? Introduction Questions: Where is the researcher’s hypothesis stated in this report? In the last part of paragraph 1 at top of second column (page 39) and a secondary hypothesis is in the next paragraph. Is there only one hypothesis? No, there are two.

6. Do Words Really Interfere in Naming Pictures? Introduction Questions: What are the hypotheses? 1) Performance will be faster in a condition with no words as compared with incongruent words (i.e. incongruent labels will cause interference) and there may be a positive effect of congruent words. 2) There will be differences between the performance of poor and average/above average readers. Is it an inductive or a deductive hypothesis? The first appears to be more deductive, and the second, inductive.

7. Do Words Really Interfere in Naming Pictures? Method: The method used in the research. A “recipe” of how the study was done that can be used for replication. Unlike this paper, it is important to include subsections! Participants Materials Procedure

8. Do Words Really Interfere in Naming Pictures? Method Questions: Who were the participants in this study? 16 second graders, 16 fifth graders, and 16 Junior High students, equal #s male and female. Also 8 poor second-grade readers. What were the three stimulus conditions in this study? Control condition (no words) Congruent condition (words that matched the image) Incongruent condition (words that did not match the image)

9. Do Words Really Interfere in Naming Pictures?

10. Results Questions: What did the author use as her criterion for rejection of the null hypothesis? Criterion: p<.01 What statistical test did she perform? Analysis of variance or “F-test” Were the results for congruent versus no-word significant? What was the “p”? Yes, F(l,18) = 22.05, p <.01

11. Do Words Really Interfere in Naming Pictures? Results Questions: In the second paragraph the author describes the analysis for the discrepant condition. Were the results significant? Yes, F(l,18) = 66.44, p <.01. It took longer to name pictures with incongruent labels than pictures without words (no labels).

12. Do Words Really Interfere in Naming Pictures? Discussion: Things to cover: Summarize your findings Relate to previous research Talk about any weaknesses or limitations of your study Talk about future directions for research Talk about real-world applications of your research

13. Do Words Really Interfere in Naming Pictures? Discussion Questions: Do the results of this study support the findings of previous researchers (Ronsinski et al)? Yes. Interference is indeed occurring, and the magnitude of interference is related to age, with beginning readers suffering more than proficient readers. Does the author suggest a possible future direction? No.

14. Note on writing! Formatting is key. OWL Purdue Online Writing Lab

15. Homework Read Chapter 3 of the APA handbook Read “Thinking Straight and Writing that Way” on the course website: http://courses.umass.edu/psyc241/

16. Contact Information ladelman@psych.umass.edu Tobin 626 Office hour: Tuesdays from 1-2pm