2. Storing And Retrieving Information

3. Hard/Fixed Disks Permanently installed and cannot be removed - Data stored on all recording surfaces. - Allows greater density than interchangeable diskettes Interchangeable Disks Can be stored offline and loaded to the magnetic disk drives as they are needed -Interchangeable Hard Disks -USB / Micro SD CardsUSB / Micro SD Cards

4.  Anatomy:  Recording surface  Multiple platters  Read/write head  Access arms Courtesy of Seagate Technology How A Hard Drive Works

5. Tracks & Sectors & Clusters OH MY

6. Low-Level Formatting - Creates sectors and tracks on disk into which data are stored. High Level Formatting - Sets up VFAT, Master Boot Record is created, copies hidden operating system files to the volume, and prompts you for a label i.e. MY Computer.

7.  ScanDisk for lost clusters  lost clusters are the result of an unexpected interruption of file activity, perhaps a system crash or loss of power.  The ScanDisk utility program periodically to “scan” the disk for lost clusters and, if any are found, let you return them to the available pool of usable clusters.

8.  Defragging  Reorganizing your files in continuous clusters.

9. File1 st Cluster Expenses.xls1 Annual Rep.doc2 AVAILABLE3 NewBudget.md b 4 ClusterTrackSector s 312,3,4,5 Magnetic Disk Organization Virtual File Allocation Table

10. 1. The operating system searches the VFAT to find the physical address of the first cluster of the file. 2. The read/write heads are moved over the track/cylinder containing the first cluster. 3. The rapidly rotating disk passes the cluster under/over the read/write head and the information in the first cluster is read and transmitted to RAM for processing. 4. The operating system checks an entry within the initial cluster that indicates whether the file consists of further clusters, and if so, where on the disk they are located. 5. The operating system directs that clusters continue to be read and their information transmitted to RAM until the last cluster in the chain is read (no further chaining is indicated).

11.  CD-R  Compact disk-recordable  CD-RW  Compact disk-rewritable DVD-R Digital video disk recordable DVD-RW Digital video disk recordable Blu-Ray Explained

12. Spiraling Track Detector Pit Land Sector Less sensitive to environment Cheaper than magnetic disks Large data capacity Spins at Constant Linear Velocity

13.  No moving parts  More resistant to shock and vibration  Less Power Usage  Faster Data Access  Higher Reliability Solid State Drives Explained

14.  USB 2.0 USB 2.0  USB Portable Hard Drives and Gadgets USB Portable Hard Drives and Gadgets  USB 3.0 USB 3.0  Using WinSCP (Windows) Using WinSCP (Windows)  Using Fugu (Mac) Using Fugu (Mac) Backup methods: Full Selective Modified files only Backup methods: Full Selective Modified files only