1. Computing in Science How computers have evolved to be a part of the scientific community.

2. Introduction Computers: A Tool For Data Computers: A Tool For Data Data Processing Data Processing Databases Databases Supercomputing Supercomputing The Internet The Internet A bit on origins A bit on origins How it is used today How it is used today

3. Computers: A Tool for Data Data Processing Data Processing Spread sheets Spread sheets Word Processing Word Processing Mathematics and Modeling software Mathematics and Modeling software

4. Computers: A Tool for Data Databases Databases The modern Warehouse for data The modern Warehouse for data Files Files Records Records Fields Fields Data points Data points Indexing Indexing Remote Access Remote Access

5. Supercomputing The kings of data processing The kings of data processing Single unit supercomputers Single unit supercomputers Superconductors Superconductors Semiconductors Semiconductors Extensions of the “Dinosaurs of Computing” Extensions of the “Dinosaurs of Computing” Tandem Supercomputers Tandem Supercomputers Many Desktops units tied together in parallel Many Desktops units tied together in parallel Many of the same capabilities Many of the same capabilities Lower cost Lower cost

6. This supercomputer dubbed “Blue Horizon” boasts 1152 processors and peak processing power of 1.7 terraflops which is 1.7 trillion operations per second. This type of computing power has a price tag of over 50 million dollars.

7. The Internet: Computers United Origins Origins Developed for military applications during the 1960’s Developed for military applications during the 1960’s Early 1970’ Early 1970’ Colleges started forming networks to send data to one another. Colleges started forming networks to send data to one another. Email: 1972 Email: 1972 A new way to send data developed by Ray Tomlinson. By 1973 more than 75% of all traffic on these networks was email. A new way to send data developed by Ray Tomlinson. By 1973 more than 75% of all traffic on these networks was email.

8. Internet: Computers United To the Present To the Present Many technologies were developed to enable these computers to “talk” Many technologies were developed to enable these computers to “talk” The “Big Bang” of the internet started when the WWW protocol was released by CERN in 1991 The “Big Bang” of the internet started when the WWW protocol was released by CERN in 1991 Communication and Data Gathering on a scale never seen before. Communication and Data Gathering on a scale never seen before.

9. Computers in Science Collection of data Collection of data Calculation of results Calculation of results Modeling of data Modeling of data Generation of reports Generation of reports Dissemination of information Dissemination of information

10. Footnote The first computer bug The first computer bug http://www.maxmon.com/1945ad.htm http://www.maxmon.com/1945ad.htm