1. Radical Congressional Reconstruction Congress Reconstruction

2. What's This? Radical Reconstruction was the period of time in which Congress was in control of fixing laws, legislation, and southern governments after the civil war

3. The violence of New Orleans race riots got the attention of congress The riots highlighted the problems with president Johnson's methods of reconstruction Congress felt the need to step in and take control

4. New Orleans Race Riots In July 30 1864, 25 white radical republicans, angry at the black codes in Louisiana, reconvened the constitution convention along with 200 primarily African American civil war veterans Former confederates feared the state would come under republican and African American power Together with the New Orleans police they attacked the gathering killing 37 and injuring 100

5. Rise of the Radicals Johnson breaks with Republican Party in 1865 Congressional elections in 1866 resulted in sweeping Republican victories With enough power to override Johnson's vetos, radical Republicans begin "radical reconstruction" in 1867

6. First Reconstruction Act Known as the Military Reconstruction Act Made the South into five military districts controlled by Union generals Congress declared martial law in these territories and dispatched troops to maintain peace

7. More on the First Declared that states needed to redraft their constitutions and ratify the 14th amendment, along with providing suffrage to blacks and ratifying the civil rights act in order to be re-admitted to the Union The 14th amendment protected the rights of all citizens, mainly intended for African Americans The civil rights act defined exactly what made a person a citizen.

8. *primary document*

9. Another One? In order to safeguard blacks' right to vote, Congress passed the Second Reconstruction Act This put Union troops in charge of voter registration

10. "You're Not the Boss of Me!" President Johnson vetoed both acts Congress overrode the vetos on both of these acts.

11. Presidential Power Congress passed multiple acts to limit the power of the President. One of which was the Tenure of Office Act This barred the President from removing administration members without Congressional consent.

12. The Tenure Act (continued) The Tenure Act also limited his power over the army The laws prevented him from appointing Supreme Court justices and government officials without approval

13. Johnson Says No The Tenure of Office Act was designed to both keep radical republicans in Johnson's administration and to force Johnson into going against Congress, giving them a reason to impeach him. Johnson replaced his Secretary of war, Edwin M. Stanton with Ulysses S. Grant without approval, defying the act.

14. Disciplining the Johnson Johnson's violation of the Tenure of Office Act gave the Radical Republicans in the House of Representatives the excuse they needed to impeach him. Main drive for the impeachment was retaliation for his plan of reconstruction that had left them out of the discussion. Ooh Andrew Johnson

15. The Senate Shows Rationality Republicans fall one vote short of convicting Johnson in the Senate. They realized that a frivolous impeachment was a dangerous precedent. Plus, Johnson had no Vice President and the president pro tempore (Benjamin Wade) wasn't an agreeable substitute (liberal Republican, not trusted).

16. Bibliography http://chnm.gmu.edu/courses/122/carr/riottext.html http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=2&p sid=3103 http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=2&p sid=3103 http://teachingamericanhistory.org/library/document/tenure-of- office-act/ http://www- rohan.sdsu.edu/dept/polsciwb/brianl/docs/1867FirstReconstruc tionAct.pdf http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congressional_Reconstruction http://www.sparknotes.com/history/american/reconstruction/se ction3.rhtml http://www.sparknotes.com/history/american/reconstruction/se ction3.rhtml http://www.tennessee.gov/tsla/exhibits/blackhistory/pdfs2/1866 CivilRightsAct.pdf http://youtu.be/bHSBfaZI6n0