1. BLOOD PRESSURE PRACTICAL Dr. Zahoor Ali Shaikh 1

2. BLOOD PRESSURE PRACTICAL Normal BP = 120/80 mmHg (In Adults) Range Systolic = 100-140 mmHg Diastolic = 60-90 mmHg Equipment Stethoscope Sphygmomanometer A Bicycle ergometer and/or a treadmill 2

3. OBJECTIVES 1.Measure Blood Pressure using Sphygmomanometer. 2. Recognize the effect of - gravity [take blood pressure during supine, sitting and standing position]. - exercise [take blood pressure before and after exercise]. 3

4. Methods Of Measurement BP 1-Palpatory Method 2-Ausculatatory Method Note: Palpatory method gives estimate of Systolic BP only Ausculatory method allows Both Systolic and Diastolic BP to be measured. KOROTKOFF Sounds Laminar Flow, Turbulent Flow 4

5. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LAMINAR & TURBULANT BLOOD FLOW LAMINAR Normal flow. Blood moves in layers, with maximum velocity at the center. No sound is produced. Vessel is fully open. TURBULANT Abnormal flow. Blood moves in different directions and strikes the vessel wall. Sound is produced. Vessel is partially open. 5

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8. PRECAUTIONS WHILE TAKING BLOOD PRESSURE Cuff size – 12 × 24cms for adults [Cuff size is big for obese person and small for children]. Apply cuff 4cms above elbow joint. Keep manometer at the level of heart. Subject should be comfortable. If subject coming after walking, should take rest for 5 – 10mins, then take BP to avoid effect of sympathetic stimulation. 8

9. FACTORS AFFECTING BLOOD PRESSURE BLOOD PRESSURE is affected by the following factors: - Age – BP increases with age - Sex - Height, Weight - Posture—Supine, Standing - Emotions - Exercise – there is increased cardiac output and decrease in peripheral resistance, {due to vasodilation in skeletal muscle}, therefore systolic BP increases and diastolic BP decreases. Pulse pressure is increased. 9

10. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS BP is 120/80 mmHg Q1. If you raise the mercury level in manometer to 130mmHg, will you listen any sound by stethoscope over brachial artery? Q2. If the mercury level is at 120mmHg, will you listen any sound? Q3. If the mercury level is at 78mmHg, will you listen any sound? Why? 10

11. Thank you 11