1. Utilitarianism

2. Types of Theory

3. Teleological Teleological The consequence of the moral act is the important thing

4. Types of Theory Teleological Teleological The consequence of the moral act is the important thing Deontological Deontological Rightness is determined by some moral value in the act itself

5. Original Utilitarianism Bentham Bentham Nature has placed mankind under the governance of two sovereign masters, pain and pleasure. It is for them alone to point out what we ought to do, as well as to determine what we shall do.

6. Original Utilitarianism John Stuart Mill The only evidence we have, says Mill, that something is intrinsically desirable, is that we observe that people desire it just for itself.

7. Original Utilitarianism Utilitarian Thesis Utilitarian Thesis What is good is what conduces to the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people.

8. Original Utilitarianism Utilitarian Thesis Utilitarian Thesis What is good is what conduces to the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people. Utilitarian Principle Utilitarian Principle Act so as to produce the greatest happiness for the greatest number.

9. Original Utilitarianism Nietzsche Nietzsche Man does not strive after happiness; only the Englishman does that.

10. Some Problems The Assumption of Sufficient Knowledge The Assumption of Sufficient Knowledge It assumes that the moral actor has the capacity to know what the outcomes of any action are going to be.

11. Some Problems Practicality Practicality For example: how far into the future do these considerations have to be extended.

12. Some Problems Justice Justice Utilitarian reasoning would conflict with some of our deepest intuitions about what is just

13. Some Problems Dostoevsky Would you torture to death an innocent child if by doing so you would secure happiness for the rest of mankind?

14. Refined Utilitarianism Act-Utilitarian Thesis Act-Utilitarian Thesis An act is right if and only if it results in as much good as any available alternative.

15. Refined Utilitarianism Act-Utilitarian Thesis Act-Utilitarian Thesis An act is right if and only if it results in as much good as any available alternative. Rule-Utilitarian Thesis Rule-Utilitarian Thesis An act is right if and only if it is the consequence of following a rule that, with other rules, if followed would lead to as much happiness as any other rules.

16. Some More Problems

17. The ‘Pig Philosophy’ The ‘Pig Philosophy’

18. Some More Problems The ‘Pig Philosophy’ The ‘Pig Philosophy’ Why not plug into a happiness machine? Why not plug into a happiness machine?

19. Some More Problems The ‘Pig Philosophy’ The ‘Pig Philosophy’ Why not plug into a happiness machine? Why not plug into a happiness machine? Is it better to be Socrates dissatisfied than a pig satisfied? Is it better to be Socrates dissatisfied than a pig satisfied?

20. Some More Problems Fairness Fairness

21. Some More Problems Fairness Fairness It doesn’t seem to matter how the happiness is distributed It doesn’t seem to matter how the happiness is distributed

22. Some More Problems Fairness Fairness It doesn’t seem to matter how the happiness is distributed It doesn’t seem to matter how the happiness is distributed ABCD Option 1 Option 2 Option 3

23. Some More Problems Fairness Fairness It doesn’t seem to matter how the happiness is distributed It doesn’t seem to matter how the happiness is distributed ABCD Option 1 1111 Option 2 Option 3

24. Some More Problems Fairness Fairness It doesn’t seem to matter how the happiness is distributed It doesn’t seem to matter how the happiness is distributed ABCD Option 1 1111 Option 2 -2222 Option 3

25. Some More Problems Fairness Fairness It doesn’t seem to matter how the happiness is distributed It doesn’t seem to matter how the happiness is distributed ABCD Option 1 1111 Option 2 -2222 Option 3 7

26. Some More Problems Lifestyle Lifestyle

27. Some More Problems Lifestyle Lifestyle

28. Some More Problems Lifestyle Lifestyle or or

29. Some Responses Mill distinguishes between types of pleasures Mill distinguishes between types of pleasures Those who have sampled both know that the higher are more pleasurable Life … [is] not a life of rapture; but moments of such, in an existence made up of few and transitory pains, many and various pleasure, with a decided predominance of the active over the passive, and having as the foundation of the whole, not to expect more from life than it is capable of bestowing