2. AP Biology Bellwork  What is the monomer & polymer of:  Carbohydrate=  Protein=  Lipid=  Nucleic Acid=

3. AP Biology 2007-2008 Molecular Structure of Macromolecules

4. AP Biology Review  Smaller organic molecules join together to form larger molecules  macromolecules  4 major classes of macromolecules:  carbohydrates  lipids  proteins  nucleic acids

5. AP Biology H2OH2O HO H HH Review  Long molecules built by linking repeating building blocks in a chain  monomers  building blocks  repeated small units  covalent bonds Dehydration synthesis

6. AP Biology H2OH2O HO H HH Target #36- I can state how a polymer is synthesized  Synthesis  joins monomers by “taking” H 2 O out  one monomer donates OH –  other monomer donates H +  together these form H 2 O  requires energy & enzymes\  Also known as condensation reaction You gotta be open to “bonding!

7. AP Biology H2OH2O HOH H H Target #37- I can state how to break down a polymer  Hydrolysis  use H 2 O to breakdown polymers  reverse of dehydration synthesis  cleave off one monomer at a time  H 2 O is split into H + and OH –  H + & OH – attach to ends  requires enzymes  releases energy Breaking up is hard to do!

8. Target #38- I can identify the molecular structure of each macromolecules  Carbohydrates  Characterized by the presence of the atomic grouping H-C- OH  Has a hexagonal shape  Created with a ring of carbon molecules

9.  Proteins  Characterized by the presence of the monomer amino acid  There are 20 different amino acids  Vary in Shape  Identified by 3 components  Amino group  Carboxylic acidic group  R group

11.  Lipids  Characterized by the presence of a glycerol and three fatty acid chains  Molecular group  Glycerol= H-C-O  Fatty Acid Choins  Muliti-carbon chain with many hydogens  Connects to glycerol in a O-C=O group  Has no polymer

12.  The monomer of a Nucleic Acid is a nucleotide  Nucleotides consist of a phosphate, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogen- containing base  Five nitrogen containing bases  Adenine  Guaninie  Thymine  Cytosine  Uracil