1. Water, Biogeography, and Food Finish Global Climate Change Finish Global Climate Change Water Resources Water Resources Biogeography Biogeography Food Resources Food Resources Introduction to King Corn Introduction to King Corn For Next Class: Read background on King Corn at http://www.kingcorn.net/

2. Main Drivers of Climate Change IPCC 2013

3. Indicators of Climate Change IPCC 2013

4. What are some Anthropogenic Influences on Climate?

5. Greenhouse gases Aerosols – suspended particulates Land use/land cover change

6. A rectangular piece of coal in a wagon is on display in the middle of Pacific Avenue In Tacoma before the arrival of President Harrison in May, 1891.

7. Life Magazine (1962)

11. Main Drivers of Climate Change IPCC 2013

12. Natural Forcings? Variations in Solar Radiation Volcanoes Changes in Oceanic and Atmospheric Circulation

14. No denying that the anthropogenic warming is playing a role: Question is how much?

15. Ocean and Freshwater Distribution Figure 7.3

16. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 16 Water Resources If total global water supply was 100 liters, then: –3 liters = freshwater –0.003 liters (~1/2 teaspoon) readily available to humans Water Stress: term that identifies greatest water resource problems

17. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 17 Global Water Stress Figure 2.18

18. Four Areas of Concern Water scarcity (e.g., limited availability) Water scarcity (e.g., limited availability) Water sanitation (e.g., polluted water) Water sanitation (e.g., polluted water) Water access (e.g., distance, time, cost) Water access (e.g., distance, time, cost) Water resource management (e.g., conflict, borders, and inefficencies) Water resource management (e.g., conflict, borders, and inefficencies)

19. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 19 Bioregions (Closely resemble climate regions) Figure 2.20

20. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 20 Examples of Bioregions – Forests Tropical Rain ForestTemperate Forest Figure 2.21Figure 2.24

21. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 21 Deserts and Steppes Desertification in Marginal Lands Figure 2.23

22. Food and Agriculture How do you choose what you eat? Cost? Quality? Production Methods? Where it was produced?

23. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 23 Green Revolution Increases in food production –Since 1950s New agricultural techniques Chemical fertilizers and pesticides Planting Rice in the Rishi Valley of Andhra Pradesh state in India Figure 2.26

24. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 24 Green Revolution (cont’d) First Stage: Three processes 1.Traditional mixed crops  monocrops 2.Increase intensity Water, fertilizer, and pesticides 3.Reduce fallow time between seasonal crops Second Stage: Since 1970s –New crops  bred for tropical and subtropical climates –Multiple crops in one parcel

25. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 25 Increased Food Production Environmental Costs –Fossil Fuel Use –Habitat Fragmentation/Damage –Pollution: Water and Air Social –Financial Costs –Social Inequalities Figure 2.27 Cattle Ranching in Western Brazil

26. Global Food Problems and Projections It is in fact local and regional problems that often keep people from obtaining food! It is in fact local and regional problems that often keep people from obtaining food! Political problems are usually more important than natural events (drought/flooding). Political problems are usually more important than natural events (drought/flooding). Food security in Africa and South Asia are of particular concern. Food security in Africa and South Asia are of particular concern. Africa was self-sufficient in food until 1970!Africa was self-sufficient in food until 1970!

27. King Corn http://www.kingcorn.net/ http://www.kingcorn.net/