1. Chapter AP* Sixth Edition World Civilizations The Global Experience World Civilizations The Global Experience Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert African Civilizations and the Spread of Islam 8

2. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert African Civilizations and Islam I.African Societies: Diversity and Similarities II.Kingdoms of the Grasslands III.The Swahili Coast of East Africa IV.Peoples of the Forest and Plains

3. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert African Civilizations and Islam

4. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert African Societies: Diversity and Similarities Political forms vary Different religions

5. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Societies With and Without States Kinship fundamental Secret societies

6. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Common Elements in African Societies Bantu migration –One language base Animism –Cosmology –Ethical code –Lineage important in relation with god

7. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Arrival of Islam in North Africa Part of Mediterranean Arrival of Islam –Spain, by 711 –Berber Almoravids  Western Sahara  Assist conversion Almohads –Succeed Berbers, 12th century

8. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Christian Kingdoms: Nubia and Ethiopia Copts –Egyptian Christians –Welcome Muslims –Spread to Nubia (Kush) Ethiopia –Heirs to Axum –King Lalibela

9. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Kingdoms of the Grasslands Caravans across Sahara Sahel (grasslands) –Transfer point

10. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Sudanic States Rulers sacred Islam –From 900s –Supports state

11. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Empire of Mali and Sundiata, the “Lion Prince” Malinke peoples from Ghana Agriculture, gold trade Sundiata (d.1260) –Mansa (ruler) –Expanded state

12. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Empire of Mali and Sundiata, the “Lion Prince” Mansa Kankan Musa –Pilgrimage to Mecca –Brings back Ishal al-Sahili  Architect from Muslim Spain  Beaten clay architecture

13. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Empires of the Western Sudan

14. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert City Dwellers and Villagers Jenne, Timbuktu –Thrive with expansion of Mali, Songhay Mandinka juula –Merchants Farmers the majority

15. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Songhay Kingdom Middle Niger valley Independent by 700 –Muslim by 1010 Capital at Gao Sunni Ali (1464-1492) –Expanded territory –Successors: askia

16. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Songhay Kingdom Defeated by Morocco, 1591 Hausa states, northern Nigeria –Kano becomes Muslim center

17. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Political and Social Life in the Sudanic States Fusion of Muslim, indigenous traditions

18. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Swahili Coast

19. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Swahili Coast of East Africa Trading ports –Muslim influence strong Rest of population remains traditional

20. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Coastal Trading Ports Mogadishu, Mombasa, Malindi, Kilwa, Pate, Zanzibar Madagascar –Southeast Asian immigrants –Bring bananas, coconuts

21. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Coastal Trading Ports Blended culture –Bantu, Islamic –Swahili –Spreads along coast –Trade with Asia

22. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Mixture of Cultures on the Swahili Coast Islam unifies –Along with Swahili

23. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Peoples of the Forest and Plains Artists and Kings: Yoruba and Benin Nok culture, 500 B.C.E. and 200 C.E. –Nigerian forests –Agriculture, iron tools Hiatus, 200-1000 C.E.

24. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Peoples of the Forest and Plains Yoruba –Urbanized agriculturalists –Small city-states  Divine kings –Ile-Ife  Holy  Notable portrait heads

25. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Peoples of the Forest and Plains Edo –Benin, 14th century  Ewuare

26. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Central African Kingdoms Bantu close to Cape Horn by 1200 –Form states Katanga –Luba peoples –Divine kingship –Hereditary bureaucracy

27. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Kingdoms of the Kongo and Mwene Mutapa Kongo –Along lower Congo –By late 15th century –Agricultural –Pronounced gender division of labor  Women farm, run household  Men clear forest, hunt, trade

28. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Kingdoms of the Kongo and Mwene Mutapa Kongo –Mbanza Kongo  Capital –Federation of 8 states

29. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Kingdoms of the Kongo and Mwene Mutapa Shona language group –Zimbabwe (stone courts)  By 9th century –Great Zimbabwe  Mwene Mutapa  Control of gold sources

30. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Global Connections: Internal Developments and Global Contacts Spread of Islam –Brings sub-Saharan Africa into contact with other world regions Yet some trends develop outside of the region of greatest Muslim influence Portuguese bring new contacts