1. Federal Republic of Nigeria BY: Meghan Brophy, Greer Hampton, Mackenzie Magid, Kieran McElvaney, and Rachel Vahey

3. Nigeria Quick Facts President: Goodluck Jonathan Population: 174,507,539 (July 2013 est.) Official Language: English Independence-1960 Constitution-1999 Unfinished State National Question

4. Quick Government Facts Federal System Bicameral 36 States 774 Local Government Areas 1970s-Centralization-Why?

5. Executives HOS & HOG: President Goodluck Jonathan Single Executive System

6. The President Goodluck Jonathan People’s Democratic Party Commander-in-chief Powers

7. The Vice President Mohammed Namadi Sambo Participates in all cabinet meetings Powers

8. Elections Multi-Party Patron Client Relations People’s Democratic Party (PDP) Plurality System Run offs INEC Final result, showing the states won by Jonathan (in green), Buhari (red), and Ribadu (blue).

9. The INEC (Independent National Electoral Commission) Free, fair and credible Overseers Autonomous Provides transparency

10. The Cabinet Appointed by President Provides services Parastatals Oversee 19 ministries Presidential Minister Ministers of the State

11. National Assembly (Legislature) Bicameral Symmetric Presidential System- Separation Upper House- Senate Lower House- House of Representatives

12. The Senate 3 senators from 36 states 1 senator from capital territory Plurality System Powers

13. The House of Representatives Based on US System Plurality System Powers

14. Recent Elections in National Assembly Senate- PDP Majority House of Representatives- PDP Majority Executive- PDP Control Seats in the Senate 73/ 109 Seats in the House 205 / 360 Governorships 18 / 36

15. Political Parties People’s Democratic Party (PDP) All Nigeria’s People’s Party (ANPP) Congress for Progressive Change (CPC) Action Congress Nigeria (ACN)

16. Interest Groups State corporatism: a political system in which interest groups become an institutionalized part of the state or dominant political party; public policy is typically the result of negotiations among representatives of the state and key interest groups

17. Labor Unions National Petroleum Employees Union (NUPENG) Nigeria Labor Congress

18. Business Interests Collaboration with military interest Some economic reform Nigerian Association of Chambers of Commerce, Industry, Mines, and Agriculture (NACCIMA)- largest group in the country

19. Human Rights Groups Protested abuses of the Babangida and Abacha regimes Remain active promotes of democratic reform Loosely connected

20. Bureaucracy Prebendalism: an extreme form of patron-clientalism in which public offices are treated as personal fiefdoms. “Loyalty pyramid”: network of supports Pyramids often reflect ethnic and religious affiliations

21. Roles in Policy Making President proposes policy which are filtered through the “Big Men” Policies often blocked or significantly altered

22. Military “truly national” Strong influence from history of military rule Charged with protecting the state, promoting Nigeria’s global security interests, and supporting peacekeeping efforts “military in government” “military in barracks” State Security Service National Intelligence Agency

23. Judiciary Autonomy Judicial review Types of law -Common -Traditional -Shari’a

24. Conflict in the Courts Shari’a law contradicts with Nigeria’s secular constitution Zamfara 1999

25. Supreme Court Chief justice and 15 justices Members are appointed by the President on the recommendation of the National Judicial Council Confirmed by the Senate Serve until age 65

26. Political Culture Since 1960s more skepticism Lack of legitimacy towards authority (elites) Lack sense of nationhood

27. Political Culture Ethnicity divisions Patron-clientelism (prebendalism) Modernity vs. Tradition Poverty

28. Political Socialization Family Religion School Media

29. Political Cleavage Ethnicity (south) Religion (hard to differentiate up north) Geography

30. Nationalities Hausa-Fulani (Islamic) Largest ethnic group Yoruba (muslim) Igbo (one creator, Chineke, Chukwu)

31. Media Controlled at federal and regional levels About 90 million viewers, concentrated in urban Heavily censored (journalist arrests and deaths)

32. Political Participation Rural residents extremely low -Women don’t vote in these areas Urban areas have opinionated, proactive individuals -mostly dissatisfied with how government handles social issues Incredibly slow-to-change government, values would take forever to change

33. Protests Biafran Civil War Boko Haram (militant Islamic group) -Bombed newspaper offices in Abuja and Kaduna 1963- Igbo census women sent to north and sparked protest Niger Delta Violence (MEND)

34. Women DO NOT vote in north, very little respect in north 1987- Maryam Babangida became First Lady “Better Life for Rural Women” campaign EW women get official positions Still seen widely as caretakers of the family

35. Other Nationalities Ijaw (involved in MEND) Kanuri, Pidgin Important to oil economy

36. Political History 1960-Independence from Great Britain(Becomes a republic in ‘63) 1983 Buhari Military coup 1985 Peaceful overthrowing of Buhari and Babangida comes into power 1993-Coup Resulting in Abacha taking control 1998-Abubakar takes control after Abacha dies 2011-Goodluck Jonathan wins in a fair election 07-11 first ever transfer from civilian government to civilian government

37. Social Movements Homosexuality Occupy Nigeria Work reform Women’s rights Rich v. Poor REFORMS

38. Political Changes Election of Goodluck Jonathan Anticorruption Electoral reforms Modernization Transformation agenda Rift in PDP Firing of Cabinet Democratization “Federal character”

39. Economic Change Roadmap for power sector reforms Youth Enterprise with innovation in Nigeria(YOUWIN) Focus on economic diplomacy and connect foreign and domestic policy Oil still is main profit source IMF says no change in standard of living despite global economy Joint ventures between state and private(Oil)

40. Relationships Between Changes Extreme corruption Local allocation of oil funds Oil is central to economy and government Privatization Denationalizing

41. Globalization ¼ of US’s Oil OPEC Sense of fear in trade Niger Delta

42. Influences on policy making Military Presidency Political elite

43. Supranational influences on public policy Member of the United Nations, the Commonwealth, The African Union, and OPEC International Monetary fund and the World Bank

44. Economic Issues The oil dependency Rentier state: receive more income by exporting their oil and leasing out oil fields to foreign companies Poverty

45. Human Rights Worse during the military rule Developed elaborate sections of the constitution about civil rights

46. Public health HIV/AIDS Even more need for an adequate health care system

47. Environmental Oil

48. Corruption Oil revenues being pocketed Causes even more distrust in the government

49. Terrorism Relatively terror free between 1967-1970 Said to have begun in October of 1986 (Mr. Dele Giwa) 2010