2. Porcine Husbandry Chapter 22

4. Courtesy of Sasha Jones Royal 2012 http://quizlet.com/11439778/piggies-and-ears-flash-cards/

5. Objectives zoological classification of the species. terminology associated with the species. TPR common instruments relevant to the species and their uses. prominent anatomical or physiological properties of the species. Identify and describe characteristics of common breeds. ear notching

6. Reading Assignment Chapter 22: Porcine Husbandry Chapter 2: restraint

7. Zoological Classification Kingdom - Animal Phylum - Chordata Class - Mammalia Order – Artiodactyla Family – Suidae Genus and species – Sus – Scrofa - Vittatus

8. Terminology Swine: Refers to the porcine species Sow: Mature intact female Boar: Mature intact male Barrow: Male castrated before puberty Stag: Male castrated after puberty Barrow Swine, Overall Champion Market Barrow, Linda Miller, Alma, KS. Photo by Jim Meyer.

9. Terminology (cont’d) Gilt: Immature female, before the birth of her first litter Farrowing: The act of parturition Piglet: Very young, small pig, generally from birth to weaning Shoat: Intact male, before puberty; sometimes used as a synonym for pig Pig: Young swine of either sex, less than 120 lb (about 4 months old) Hog: Large swine, more than 120 lb, of either sex; commercial swine producers usually prefer this term when referring to any size of swine

10. Sus scrofa Some believe that pigs were the earliest animal to be domesticated, not the cat or dog. Paintings and carvings of pigs over 25,000 years ago have been found. The Chinese domesticated pigs 7,000 years ago

11. Physiological Data Temperature – 101º to 103.5º F Pulse rate – 60 to 90 per minute; 200 to 280 per minute in newborns Respiration rate – 10 to 24 per minute; up to 50 in very young swine Adult weight – Varies by breed

12. Front one-third: Head, neck, snout jowl, shoulder, knee, pastern, elbow pocket Middle one-third: Back, loin, length of side, underline (belly), Fore flank, rear flank Rear one-third: Rump, tail, vulva, ham, hock, dew claw, toe, stifle region of the ham

13. Value Front 1/3: – shoulder : Boston Butt and the Picnic Shoulder – jowl, feet, and neck bones Middle 1/3 – loin and spare ribs: most valuable Loin: 20 cuts. Canadian Style Bacon, Pizza, and chops – Belly – bacon

14. Anatomical terms

15. Anatomical Terms

16. Internal organs Respiratory: – Laryngeal diverticulum – Lungs Right - 4 lobes (cranial, middle, caudal, accessory) Left - 2 lobes (cranial caudal) Cardiovascular – Left cardiac notch larger than right – External jugular in deep.

17. Internal organs GI: Spiral colon: – Left side: Coiled in two directions – Ascending colon

18. Uses of pigs other than for eating Organ donors Source of biological materials, ex. Insulin or heparin Model for biomedical research For entertainment As pets As truffle-finders (they are smell experts)

19. Swine Breeds

20. Breeds Use synthetic lines (crossbreeding) – Maternal lines More pigs/litter Higher milk production Docile temperament – Terminal lines Fast growth Well – muscled meaty carcass Durable Leaner

21. American Landrace Denmark maternal instincts (large litters over extended time) White, Long, Flatter- topped sixteen or seventeen pairs of ribs hair color must be white with drooping ears

22. American Landrace Maternal breed, cross breeding

23. Berkshire England – Once kept at Buckingham Palace Black with 6 white points: white legs, snout and switch Erect ears Dished snout high quality meats Fast efficient growth

24. Berkshire Terminal breed

25. Chester White Chester County, PA White with long droopy ears Mothering breed

26. Chester White

27. Duroc United States – One of the most popular breed in US Solid red Ears droop forward Slight dish to the face Excellent meat type hog

28. Duroc

29. Duroc/ Tamworth

30. Hampshire United States – oldest American breed Black with a white belt Small, erect ears Well-known meat breed – Lean meat Good rustling (foraging) Crossbreeding Terminal breed

31. Hampshire

32. Hereford Missouri, Iowa and Nebraska crossing Berkshires and Durocs Red with white face, legs and underline, long neck Medium-sized, drooping ear Good rustling (foraging) Good mums, prolific

33. Hereford

34. Poland China US black with 6 white points: snouts, legs and switch drooped ears large breed easily gain weight quiet dispositions generally poor mothers terminal breed

35. Poland China

36. Spots/ Spotted swine Indiana Black and white spots: 20-80% black/white Efficient feeders Noted for rapid weight gain Droopy ears Terminal

37. Spotted Swine

38. Tamworth Ireland red in color deep-sided well-arched back erect ears bacon breed good mothers and large litters good foragers very active

39. Tamworth

40. Yorkshire England – Popular in US and Canada White (skin can have freckles) Large, erect ears Known as “The Mother Breed” – maternal breed – Produces large litters Bacon-type hog: long carcass High feed efficiency Crossbreeding

41. Yorkshire

42. Vietnamese Potbelly Dwarf swine breed : 1960's in Vietnam In 1986: thousands of dollars weigh an average of 70-150 lb. with some reaching 200 lb. or more; they average 3- ft. long and 15-inches tall. Full growth: 5 years of age. Colors: solid black to solid white, with a variety of spots in between.

43. Vietnamese Potbelly…….. Pets: but these pigs do not necessarily stay small, cute, or cuddly. Unspayed females suffer from "PMS" and strong mood swings; intact males produce a pungent odor in addition to displaying other unpleasant traits-neither are desirable pets As stated above, their average weight is close to 100 lb., and they do not like to be picked up or held. Unlike cats and dogs, pigs are prey not predators, so being lifted up or restrained causes them extreme alarm.

44. Potbellied Pig

45. Pig story 50% are abandoned or sent to another home in their 1 st year of life

46. Yucatan miniature Southern Mexico. natural occurring miniature pig Cardiovascular research Diabetes studies Facial mandibular research Regenerative Medicine Skin research

47. Yucatan miniature Charles River's mini pigs – small Yucatan strains developed at Colorado State University from foundation animals imported from the Yucatan peninsula in 1960. – Black or slate grey, relatively hairless, short profile and shortsnout

48. Blue butt pig No register as a breed Show animal for FFA programs Cross breding between a dark and white pig (York-Ham)

49. Ear Notching in Swine

50. Reasons for ear notching A permanent ID system – 1-3 days old Individual identity for all animals Inexpensive means of identification Enables producers to keep an accurate set of records

51. Tools – Ear notching Ear Notcher’s – clean with toothbrush in hot soapy water – disinfectant notcher’s : surgical spirit for 10 minutes – Store dry within a plastic bag larger pigs – wound dressing – house them in separate pens http://www.neogen.com/7500-01.htm

52. Ear notching Don’t make too shallow Leave at least 1/4 inch between notches Avoid making notches too close to the head. Putting the notches in the right locations

53. Principles of the system right and left: pig's perspective. – Same as yours if you are standing in back of the pig – Reversed if you face the pig pig's right ear = litter ear. – When a sow has a litter, all pigs in the litter receive identical notches on the right ear. left ear in pigs = unique notch.

54. Principles of the system 1 through 161

55. Except for the 81 notch, there can be two notches at each of the four locations 27 9 81 3 1 9 3 1 Right Ear Litter Number Left Ear Pig Number 1 3 9 1 3 9 27

57. What are this pig’s numbers?

58. http://www.boarsemen.com/boarpen/earpart2.htm

60. Resources http://biology.ucok.edu/AnimalBiology/pigweb/pig.html http://www.depts.ttu.edu/porkindustryinstitute/Swine%20 Production%20class/A&P%20lecture%202003_files/frame.h tm http://www.depts.ttu.edu/porkindustryinstitute/Swine%20 Production%20class/A&P%20lecture%202003_files/frame.h tm http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/digestion /pregastric/pigpage.html http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/digestion /pregastric/pigpage.html http://netvet.wustl.edu/species/pigs/pignotes.txt http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/swine K Holtgrew-Bohling, Large Animal Clinical Procedures for Veterinary Technicians, 2nd Edition, Mosby, 2012, ISBN: 97803223077323

61. References http://www.boarsemen.com/boarpen/earpart 1.htm