1.  In 2010 the U.S. was 14 th in the world in Reading, 25 th in the world in Mathematics, and 17 th in Science. The top 3 countries in ALL of these subjects were South Korea, Finland, and Canada (who’s laughing now?).  From http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/datablog/2010/dec/07/world-education- rankings-maths-science-reading and OECDhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/news/datablog/2010/dec/07/world-education- rankings-maths-science-reading In your opinion, why is American education so lacking? Why are we behind? What can we do to get back on top?

2.  When you come in, answer the following in your journal in 3-5 sentences:  What were some problems of the Gilded Age? What needed to be “fixed” in society? Provide at least 3 problems and explain why they existed.

3.  Story of Us Episode 6 Questions – Turn in over to the Muckraker Graphic Organizer

4. 1890-1920

5.  Disparity of wealth  Workers rights  Working conditions  Wages, hours, child labor, danger, etc.  Poverty in cities – Tenements, poor sanitation  Racial discrimination – Immigrants & African Americans  Corruption in Social Justice  Immigrants, Women, African Americans, Children

6. What is a muckraker? Writer/journalist who exposes the problems of society in order to bring about reform

7.  Lincoln Steffens (magazine editor)  The Shame of the Cities  Political corruption in Philadelphia  Jacob Riis (photographer, NY Evening Sun)  How the Other Half Lives  Poor living conditions in tenements Muckrakers

8.  Ida Tarbell  The History of Standard Oil  Robber baron business practices of Rockefeller  John Spargo  The Bitter Cry of the Children  Child Labor  Also, Lewis Hine Muckrakers

9.  Lewis Hine was a school teacher turned muckraker during the Progressive era.  In 1908 Hine became a photographer who was interested in exposing the ills of society.  From 1908-1912 he targeted the abuses of child labor in American Industry.  He produced a photo essay on child labor in 1909

17. Frank Norris  The Octopus  Unfair business practices of the Southern Pacific Railroad Muckrakers

18.  **Upton Sinclair  The Jungle  Working conditions for immigrants; unsanitary conditions in meat-packing plants  Frances E.W. Harper  Iola Leroy  Struggles of African Americans Muckrakers

19.  You need to write your own muckraker article. Pick something from 2013 that you think needs to be brought to light and changed (for example: environmental policy dealing with global warming). Write a 2 paragraph (each at least 5 sentences) article from the point of view of a muckraker on the topic of your choice. Include a title and a picture with a caption.

20.  When you come in, take out your homework (W.E.B. DuBois & Booker T. Washington sheet)  If you have not turned in your muckraker article, turn it in to the tray!  Journal: From what you read about DuBois & Washington, create a Venn Diagram in your journal to outline their similarities and differences!

22. What increased segregation?  Jim Crow Laws (1876- 1965)  Legalized segregation  Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)  “Separate but equal” Segregation

23. How did African Americans face discrimination in voting?  15th Amendment  Poll Tax  Literacy Tests  Grandfather Clauses How?  Southern states evade 15th Amend.  Required money to vote  Must pass a test to vote  If your ancestors could vote prior to 1866, then so could you How did these discriminate African Americans?

24.  What did you learn about DuBois? Washington?  How were they similar?  How were they different?

25. Booker T. Washington  Hard work  “Pull yourself up by your bootstraps”  Tuskegee Institute, vocational education W.E.B. DuBois  Disagreed with Washington  Wanted blacks to demand full equality Opposing Discrimination

26.  Founded in 1909  Springfield, Illinois  Founded by W.E.B. DuBois, Ida B. Wells, Florence Kelly, and other progressive reformers

27. Tuskegee Institute

28. Who opposed discrimination, and how? Ida B. Wells  Worked to stop lynching  National Association of Colored Women http://withoutsanctuary.org/ma in.html “Brave men do not gather by thousands to torture and murder a single individual, so gagged and bound he cannot make even feeble resistance or defense.”

29. Progressives sought to permanently address many problems brought on during the Gilded Age

30.  Meat Inspection Act (1906)  Required meat factories be inspected  Animals inspected before & after slaughter  Created supervision (USDA)  ** Remember: Which muckraker initiated these concerns?  Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)  Allowed gov’t to fine non-compliant businesses  Label ingredients  Later we get the FDA (Food and Drug Administration)

31.  “Trust-Busting” – developed by Teddy Roosevelt  Breaking up monopolies ▪ 1902 – US vs. Northern Securities ▪ Hepburn Act (1905) ▪ 1910 – US vs. US Steel ▪ 1911 – US vs. American Tobacco ▪ 1911 – US vs. Standard Oil of New Jersey

32.  Our muckraking/progressive president!  He saw the problems of the Gilded Age and sought widespread government reform!

33.  Take out your Progressive Era notes from yesterday  Today’s plan  Finish notes on Progressive Era  Start Imperialism (Unit 6)– “White Man’s Burden”  U.S. Map Activity TEST TOMORROW – Gilded Age & Progressive Era

34. Child Labor Reform  National Child Labor Committee  Florence Kelly  Keating-Owens Act (1916) = outlawed child labor  But ruled unconstitutional in 1918– federal government cannot regulate INTRAstate commerce  Impact?

35. Reforms for the Poor  Settlement houses  Community centers providing services to the urban poor  Jane Addams  Hull House, Chicago, 1889  Impact?

36. Workers’ Reform  Bad Conditions  Long hours  Unsafe machinery  Work related injuries/death  Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire  Reform: Workers’ Compensation Laws  Impact?

39.  16 th Amendment  1913  Progressive Tax  Income based

41.  17 th Amendment  1913  Direct Election of Senators  Goal: End Corruption

42.  18 th Amendment  1919/1920  Temperance  Prohibition  Ban Sale and Distribution of “intoxicating liquors”

46.  19 th Amendment  1920  Women’s Suffrage (the right to vote)  Key Suffragettes: ▪ Susan B. Anthony ▪ Alice Paul ▪ Carrie Chapman Catt

49. Susan B. Anthony

51. Number of children is affecting family life for women Margaret Sanger; American Birth Control League Family planning info reaches women

52. 1. What was the goal of Progressives during this era? 2. Name three key problems facing the nation during this time period. 3. What is a muckraker and what do they have to do with the Progressive Era? 4. Name three significant muckrakers and the issues they exposed.