1. Acids and Bases

2. What you will be learning:
Describe 4 properties of acids
Describe 4 properties of bases
Identify four uses of acids and bases

3. Key vocabulary
Acid
Base
Indicator

4. Facts
Every liquid is either an acid or a base except distilled water which in neutral
The pH scale indicates the number of Hydrogen ions to the power of 10

5. Acids A solution with an excess of H+ ions
Def: any compound that increases the number of hydronium ion H30+

6. Bases
A solution with an excess of OH- ions when dissolved in water.

7. Properties of Acids Taste sour
Reacts with metals such as magnesium, zinc and iron to produce hydrogen gas H2
Turns blue Litmus paper red
Cause skin to burn
React with bases to form water and chemical salt

8. Properties of Bases Taste bitter Feel slippery or soapy
Strong bases will burn skin
Turns red Litmus paper blue
“opposite of acids”
React with acids to form chemical salt and water

9. Every Day Examples Acid Base Lemon juice Orange juice
Vitamin C (acetic acid)
Coca-cola
Car battery (sulfuric)
Stomach acid (HCl)
Carbonic acid
PAGE 370
Base
Milk of Magnesia
Maalox
Drain cleaner (Ca2OH)
Oven cleaner (NaOH)
Cleaning products (ammonia)
PAGE 373

11. Review:
What are some common day examples of acids that you use in your life?
Bases?
When you taste a “warhead” candy, what do you taste?
Do you think electricity will like to flow through acids and bases? Why do you think this…think about the definitions…

12. Homework:
Questions from page 373
# 2-8

13. pH and Neutralization
Day 2 of Acids/Bases

14. Household Items and their pH
pH is an indicator that measures the amount of H+
0-6.9 is acidic
7 is pure water (neutral)
7.1 and greater is basic

15. Power of Hydrogen The concentration of hydrogen is the key
the more hydrogen ions the lower the pH (acid) or the more acidic the solution is
The less hydrogen the higher the pH (base) or the more basic the solution is
Indicators (litmus paper) tell us if solutions are acidic or basic

16. pH scales

17. Vocabulary Aqueous Strong Acid Weak Acid Neutral Strong Base Weak Base
A solution that is mostly water
Strong Acid
pH of 0-4
Weak Acid
pH of 4-7
Neutral
pH of 7
Strong Base
pH of 10-14
Weak Base
pH of 7-10

18. Acids and Bases
The strength of an acid depends on its pH (number of Hydrogen ions ). A dilute solution of HCl will burn a hole in your clothes.
SO THE MORE H+ that break off, the more ACIDIC
THE MORE OH- that break off, the more basic
The less of H+ or OH- that breaks off, the weaker the acid/base

19. Neutralization
Day 3:

20. Acids and Bases in Solution
Acids in water solution separate into hydrogen ions (H+)
HCl + water  H+ + Cl-
Bases in water solution separate into hydroxide ions (OH-)
NaOH + water  NH4 + OH-

22. Acid-Base Reactions Neutralization
A reaction between an acid and a base is called neutralization
After mixing an acid solution with a base solution the pH of the new solution will change. Sometimes result in a neutral solution
Factors include, concentration, volume, and identities

23. Acid-Base Reactions Products In scientific terms, what are salts?
Salt (an ionic compound) made from the neutralization reaction between an acid and a base
HNO KOH  H2O K+ + NO3-
Some salts are soluble and remain in solution
Some salts are insoluble and precipitate
In scientific terms, what are salts?

24. Common Salts Sodium chloride Potassium iodide Calcium chloride
NaCl
Potassium iodide KI
Calcium chloride
CaCl2
Potassium chloride
KCl
Calcium carbonate
CaCO3
Ammonium nitrate
NH4NO3
Food flavoring, preservation
Additive that prevents iodine deficiency
De-icer for roads
Salt substitute in foods
Found in limestone and sea shells
Fertilizer, active ingredient in cold packs

25. Importance of Acids and Bases
Human Digestion
HCl in stomach breaks down food (pH 2)
HCO3- (bicarbonate) in small intestine raises pH to 8 by bonding with the H+ ions
enzymes of digestion work the best at pH 8
Other Human Facts
Skins pH protects against being over run by bacteria
Tears are slightly acidic