1. 1.6: Organization of the Human Body
Cranial cavity
Cranial cavity
Vertebral canal
Vertebral canal
Right pleural
cavity
Mediastinum
Thoracic
cavity
Thoracic cavity
Left pleural cavity
Pericardial
cavity
Diaphragm
Diaphragm
Abdominal
cavity
Abdominal
cavity
Abdominopelvic
cavity
Pelvic cavity
Pelvic cavity
(b)
(a)

2. Thoracic & Abdominal Serous Membranes
Visceral layer – covers an organ
Parietal layer – lines a cavity or body wall
Thoracic Membranes
Visceral pleura
Parietal pleura
Visceral pericardium
Parietal pericardium
Abdominopelvic Membranes
Parietal peritoneum
Visceral peritoneum
Parietal perineum
Visceral perineum

3. Serous Membranes
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4. 1.7: Lifespan Changes
Aging occurs from the microscopic level to the whole-body level.
Can you think of some examples?

5. 1.8: Anatomical Terminology
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Anatomical Position – standing erect, facing forward, upper limbs at the sides, palms facing forward and thumbs out
Integumentary system

6. Anatomical Terminology: Orientation and Directional Terms
Terms of Relative Position (based on anatomical position):
Superior versus Inferior (Cranial vs. Caudal)
Anterior versus Posterior (Ventral vs. Dorsal)
Medial versus Lateral
Ipsi-lateral versus Contra-lateral
Proximal versus Distal
Superficial versus Deep
Internal versus External

7. Body Sections or Planes
Sagittal or Median – divides body into left and right portions
Mid-sagittal – divides body into equal left and right portions
Transverse or Horizontal – divides body into superior and inferior portions
Coronal or Frontal – divides body into anterior and posterior portions

8. Body Sections NEW FIGURE 12.1 A section along the median plane
(midsagittal)
plane
Parasagittal
plane
Transverse
(horizontal)
plane
A section along the
median plane
NEW FIGURE 12.1
A section along a transverse
plane
Frontal
(coronal)
plane
A section along a frontal
plane

9. Body Sections
(a)
(b)
(c)

10. Other Body Sections Oblique section Cross-section (a) (b) (c)
Longitudinal
section
(a)
(b)
(c)

11. Abdominal Subdivisions
Right
hypochondriac
region
Left
hypochondriac
region
Epigastric
region
Right upper
quadrant (RUQ)
Left upper
quadrant (LUQ)
Right
lumbar
region
Left
lumbar
region
Umbilical
region
Right lower
quadrant (RLQ)
Left lower
quadrant (LLQ)
Right
iliac
region
Left
iliac
region
Hypogastric
region

12. Body Regions
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Cephalic (head)
Frontal (forehead)
Otic (ear)
Orbital (eye cavity)
Nasal (nose)
Occipital
(back of head)
Oral (mouth)
Buccal (cheek)
Cervical (neck)
Mental (chin)
Acromial
(point of shoulder)
Sternal
Acromial
(point of shoulder)
Pectoral
(chest)
Axillary (armpit)
Vertebral
(spinal column)
Mammary (breast)
Brachial
(arm)
Brachial (arm)
Dorsum (back)
Umbilical
(navel)
Antecubital
(front of elbow)
Cubital (elbow)
Abdominal
(abdomen)
Inguinal
(groin)
Lumbar
(lower back)
Antebrachial
(forearm)
Sacral (between hips)
Coxal
(hip)
Gluteal (buttocks)
Carpal (wrist)
Perineal
Palmar (palm)
Digital (finger)
Femoral (thigh)
Genital
(reproductive organs)
Patellar
(front of knee)
Popliteal (back of knee)
Sural (calf)
Crural (leg) T
arsal (instep)
Pedal (foot)
Digital (toe)
Plantar (sole)
(a)
(b)