1. III. Conduct of the War: Battles and Strategy

2. A. Germany and Britain

3. 1. Following the invasion of Poland, Hitler launched a blitzkrieg, or lightning attack against France

4. 2. By 1941 most of Europe and North Africa was under Nazi control

5. 3. Hitler send his air force, the Luftwaffe, to Britain prior to an invasion

7. 4. In the Battle of Britain, the Royal Air Force defeated the Luftwaffe and the invasion was postponed

8. 5. Next, Hitler began bombing British cities but it too failed

9. 6. Germany stopped bombing in May 1941

10. B. War at Sea

11. 1. New technology determined how battles would be fought

12. a. German submarines came close to controlling the Atlantic

13. b. The Allies convoy system protected the ships

14. c. In the Pacific, battleships and mainly the aircraft carrier was responsible for allied victory

15. 2. Tanks played an increasingly important role in Russia and North Africa

16. 3. Germany was first to use missiles (against Britain in 1945)

17. 4. Allies perfected saturation bombing of German cities

18. C. Germany and Russia

19. 1. The Nazis invaded Russia in 1941

21. 2. Millions of soldiers died on both sides in huge battles

22. 3. Germany lost so many men in the advance came to a halt after Stalingrad

23. 4. It was the turning point for the Nazi on the Eastern Front

24. D. Normandy Landings (D-Day)

25. D-Day Memorial -Why Bedford?  Lost 19 men that day - the largest per capita loss of any town in America on that day

26. 29 th Infantry Division Co A Bedford Co B Lynchburg Co C Harrisonburg Co D Roanoke HQ Co 2nd Battalion Alta Vista Co E Chase City Co F South Boston Co G Farmville Co H Martinsville 116 th Infantry Regiment

27. 1. American and Allied troops under General Eisenhower landed in German-occupied France on June 6, 1944

28. 2. Despite intense German opposition and heavy American casualties, the landing succeeded and liberation of western Europe began

29. E. War in the Pacific

30. War Comes to America

31. 1. Japanese war planes from aircraft carriers attacked the US Fleet in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii on December 7, 1941

32. 2. The attack destroyed much of the American fleet and killed several thousand Americans

33. 3. FDR immediately asked for a declaration of war calling December 7 "a date that will live in infamy."

34. 4. US strategy called for an "island hopping" campaign, seizing islands closer and closer to Japan and using them as bases for further attacks

35. 5. US used submarine warfare against Japanese shipping to cut off her supplies

36. F. Significant Battles in the Pacific

38. 1. Midway Island

40. a. American forces defeated a much larger Japanese force as it attempted to seize Midway Island

41. b. A Japanese victory would have allowed Japan to invade Hawaii

42. c. American victory ended the Japanese threat of invasion

43. d. Midway was the turning point of the war in the Pacific

44. 2. Iwo Jima and Okinawa

45. a. American invasion brought American forces closer to Japan

46. b. Bloody battles in which many on both sides died

47. c. Many Japanese soldiers and civilians committed suicide rather than surrender

48. 3. Hiroshima and Nagasaki

49. a. President Truman ordered the use of the Atomic bomb on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

51. b. Done in order to save thousands of American lives in a full-scale invasion of Japan's main islands

52. c. Tens of thousands were killed in the cities

53. d. Japanese leaders soon surrenders and accepted an unconditional surrender

55. IV. Domestic Effects of the War

56. War’s Affect on America

57. A. World War II ushered in social changes and established reform agendas that would effect the country through the 20th century

58. 1. Women

59. a. Women entered into previously male job roles

60. b. Worked in industry as well as traditional roles: clerks, etc.

61. c. Jobs in the military were non- combat jobs

62. 2. African Americans

63. a. Struggled to obtain desegregation of the armed forces and end discriminatory hiring practices

64. b. In the military, they generally served in segregated units and assigned to non-combat roles

65. c. Demanded the right to served in combat rather than support roles (Tuskegee Airmen served in Europe with distinction)

66. Native Americans – Code Talkers

68. V. The Holocaust

69. A. Called by the Nazis the "Final Solution"

70. 1. Specific groups were often the object of hatred and prejudices

71. 2. Faced increased risk of discrimination during wartime Germany

72. B. The Affected Groups

73. 1. Jews

74. 2. Poles (from Poland)

75. 3. Slavs

76. 4. Gypsies

77. 5. "Undesirables" (homosexuals, mentally ill, political dissidents)

78. C. Significance of the Holocaust

79. 1. Nazi leaders were convicted of war crimes in the Nuremberg trials

80. 2. the Nuremberg trials emphasized individual responsibility

81. 3. the trials led to increased demand for a Jewish homeland

82. VI. Geneva Convention and POWs  The Geneva Convention attempted to ensure the humane treatment of prisoners of war by establishing rules to be followed by all nations.  The treatment of prisoners of war in the Pacific Theater often reflected the savagery of the fighting there.

83.  In the Bataan Death March, American POWs suffered brutal treatment by the Japanese after surrender of the Philippines.  The treatment of prisoners of war in Europe more closely followed the ideas of the Geneva Convention